Abstract
Soil erosion and landslide events pose significant threats to sustainable agriculture and human safety. Varying rainfall intensities play a crucial role in runoff, sediment yield, and slope stability. Factors such as soil properties, topography, and vegetation cover interact with rainfall to influence landslide vulnerability. A comprehensive investigation integrating both laboratory test modeling and numerical modeling was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms precipitating slope failure during precipitation events. Through the execution of landslide experiments employing laboratory modeling, wherein artificial rainfall is administered to uniform clay slopes, the timing and characteristics of various failures were delineated. Moreover, the volumetric moisture content is quantified in real time utilizing monitoring sensors alongside laboratory assessments. The acquired volumetric water content data subsequently serves to corroborate the outcomes of the numerical modeling efforts. The validated numerical simulations of laboratory-scale slope failures yield valuable insights into the hydraulic conditions that instigate landslides. Based on the numerical modeling outcomes, the diminished slope in laboratory assessments became saturated to an extent whereby the wet front initially progressed downward, subsequently resulting in the accumulation of rainwater at the slope’s apex, which induced a water surface advancing towards the crest. Research on slope failure modeling under different rainfall intensities and slope inclinations provides valuable insights for landslide prevention and mitigation strategies.