Abstract
Smart bullets, developed under programs such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), represent a groundbreaking advancement in precision warfare. This article offers a comprehensive review and critical analysis of smart bullet technology, exploring its technical intricacies, military applications, ethical implications, economic considerations, and future prospects. By integrating advanced optical sensors, guidance systems, and maneuverability mechanisms, smart bullets achieve unparalleled accuracy and lethality on the battlefield. Military applications range from precision targeting to rapid engagement of multiple threats, offering significant advantages in combat effectiveness. However, ethical concerns regarding civilian casualties, proliferation risks, and accountability issues necessitate careful consideration. Moreover, economic perspectives highlight both potential cost savings and ethical dilemmas associated with the commercialization of smart bullet technology. Looking ahead, advancements in AI, materials science, and miniaturization hold promise for further enhancing capabilities. Nonetheless, addressing ongoing ethical, legal, and technical challenges is imperative to ensure the responsible and ethical use of smart bullet technology in military operations, thus contributing to global security and stability.