Standards for the preparation of carrier for Azotobacter biofertilizerTabelle 6_ Standards für die Herstellung von Trägern für Azotobacter-Biodünger
| Parameters | Standard | References |
|---|---|---|
| Base material | Solid (moist/dry or granules form) or liquid based | BIS, 1985, Bhattacharjee, 2014;Yadav and Chandra, 2014 |
| Viable cell count | 5 × 107/g of carrier (CFU). | Singh, 2015; BIS, 1985; Yadav and Chandra, 2014 |
| pH value | 6.5–7.5 | BIS, 1985; Yadav and Chandra, 2014 |
| Moisture % | By weight, 30%–40% for the carrier material | BIS, 1985; Yadav and Chandra, 2014 |
| Water retention | High water-holding capacity | BIS, 1985; Yadav and Chandra, 2014 |
| Partial size | Passable through 100 meshsieves | BIS, 1985; Yadav and Chandra, 2014 |
| Contamination level | None at 10−5 dilution | BIS, 1985; Yadav and Chandra, 2014 |
| Strain selection | Strain capable of fixing N2 at least | BIS, 1985; Yadav and Chandra, 2014 |
Inoculated carrier materials containing various volumes of bacterial liquid culture and amounts of carrier materialsTabelle 1_ Inokulierte Trägermaterialien, die verschiedene Volumina an bakterieller Flüssigkultur und Mengen an Trägermaterialien
| Carrier materials | Carrier material (g) | Liquid culture (ml) | Inoculated carrier materials (g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| LC | 100 | 205 | 305 |
| WC | 125 | 176 | 301 |
| LN | 174 | 127 | 301 |
| VC | 174 | 126 | 300 |
| FYM | 173 | 130 | 303 |
Performance of Azotobacter chroococcum 5576 regarding plant growth-promoting traits before (i) and after (f) storage period in the carrier LCTabelle 7_ Leistung von A_ chroococcum 5576 hinsichtlich der pflanzenwachstumsfördernden Merkmale vor (i) und nach (f) Lagerzeit in der Träger-L-Holzkohle
| Plant growth-promoting parameters | Performance (i) | Performance (f) |
|---|---|---|
| NFE (mg per g sucrose consumed) | 12.46 ± 0.35 | 12.45 ± 0.40 |
| PSI | 03.90 ± 0.10 | 03.34 ± 0.09 |
| PSU | 42.75 ± 0.78 | 42.80 ± 0.57 |
Water absorption (holding), retention (% held), and loss (% in 6 months) of different carrier materialsTabelle 3_ Wasseraufnahme (Halten), Retention (% gehalten) und Verlust (% in 6 Monaten) verschiedener Trägermaterialien
| Carrier material | Water absorbed (ml) | Water held (%) | Moisture lost (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| At the start | After 6 months | |||
| LC | 20.56 ± 0.13e | 205.6 ± 1.38e | 93.13 ± 2.73e | 54.71 ± 1.02e |
| WC | 14.08 ± 0.20d | 140.86 ± 2.33d | 64.86 ± 2.31d | 53.87 ± 2.38d |
| Lignite | 7.35 ± 0.11b | 73.56 ± 1.15b | 44.83 ± 2.84b | 38.90 ± 4.83b |
| VC | 7.26 ± 0.13a | 72.6 ± 1.24a | 41.10 ± 1.61a | 43.48 ± 2.65c |
| FYM | 7.53 ± 0.19c | 75.3 ± 1.90c | 51.33 ± 2.52c | 31.86 ± 2.26a |
| LSD (0.05) | 0.39 | 3.91 | 6.26 | 7.49 |
PGPR (Azotobacter chroococcum 5576) survivability shown as CFU in various carriers as a function of time (days) at room temperatureTabelle 4_ Überlebensfähigkeit von PGPR (A_ chroococcum 5576) gezeigt als CFU in verschiedenen Trägermaterialien als Funktion der Zeit (Tage) bei Raumtemperatur
| Carrier materials | PGPR CFU (× 107 per g) as obtained after various periods of storage (d) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | |
| LC | 77 ± 8.19e | 147.3 ± 2.30e | 104.3 ± 6.00e | 98.33 ± 9.49e | 77.66 ± 7.83e | 27.00 ± 2.08e | 8.33 ± 1.20e |
| WC | 70.5 ± 3.48d | 90.66 ± 6.64d | 64.33 ± 5.60d | 32.00 ± 4.04d | 18.00 ± 1.73d | 10.66 ± 1.20d | 3.33 ± 0.33d |
| LN | 53.5 ± 2.33c | 82.33 ± 2.96c | 35.66 ± 2.02c | 31.66 ± 2.18c | 22.66 ± 2.02c | 9.33 ± 0.88c | 2.66 ± 0.33c |
| VC | 33.5 ± 2.60a | 46.66 ± 2.90a | 23.33 ± 1.76a | 16.33 ± 1.45a | 10.66 ± 0.88a | 1.66 ± 0.66a | 0.34 ± 0.04a |
| FYM | 47.5 ± 2.02b | 56.66 ± 3.48b | 21.33 ± 1.20b | 17.66 ± 0.88b | 08.33 ± 0.88b | 1.00 ± 0.57b | 0.14 ± 0.02b |
Culture holding coefficients of the selected carrier materialsTabelle 5_ Kulturhaltekoeffizient ausgewählter Trägermaterialien
| Carrier materials | LC | WC | Lignite | VC | FYM |
| CHO | 4.69 | 4.36 | 6.70 | 5.50 | 6.50 |
Chemical properties of the selected carrier materialsTabelle 2_ Chemische Eigenschaften ausgewählter Trägermaterialien
| Carrier material | N(%) | OC(%) | pH | EC(S/m) | Moisture (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LC | 0.78 | 58.60 | 7.36 | 597 | 5.90 | Abebe et al., 2017 |
| WC | 0.72 | 49.50 | 7.01 | 512 | 7.20 | Sudhakar et al., 2004 |
| Lignite | 0.86 | 29.30 | 6.58 | 642 | 9.80 | Rumpel et al., 1998 |
| VC | 1.01 | 25.90 | 7.10 | 370 | 17.58 | Packialakshmi and Aliya, 2014; Ravimycin, 2016 |
| FYM | 1.83 | 51.80 | 6.80 | 330 | 15.74 | Ravimycin, 2016 |