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Occurrence of chemicals with known or suspected endocrine disrupting activity in drinking water, groundwater and surface water, Austria 2017/2018 Cover

Occurrence of chemicals with known or suspected endocrine disrupting activity in drinking water, groundwater and surface water, Austria 2017/2018

Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment
Volume 69 (2018): Issue 3 (September 2018)
By: Werner Brueller,  Norbert Inreiter,  Thomas Boegl,  Martin Rubasch,  Samim Saner,  Franko Humer,  Wolfgang Moche,  Andrea Schuhmann,  Werner Hartl,  Christoph Brezinka,  Ludwig Wildt and  Franz Allerberger  
Open Access
|Nov 2018

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Location of the 54 sample sites distinguished by matrixAbbildung 1. Lage der 54 Probenorte, nach Matrix unterschieden
Location of the 54 sample sites distinguished by matrixAbbildung 1. Lage der 54 Probenorte, nach Matrix unterschieden

Analytes found in concentrations above the limit of quantification (EQS = EU Environmental quality standards; PFOA = Perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; BPA = Bisphenol A; NP1EO = 4-nonylphenol monoethoxylate; BDE = Brominated diphenylether; PBDEs = Polybrominated diphenyl ethers) compared to limit values (* Default assumption for adults taking into consideration the WHO allocation concept; EQS = environmental quality standards; PV = parametric value according to the EU drinking water directive; GV = WHO guideline value; DWEL = US EPA drinking water equivalent level)_Tabelle 8_ Analyte in Konzentrationen über der Bestimmungsgrenze (EQS = EU-Umweltqualitätsnormen; PFOA = Perfluoroctansäure; PFOS = Perfluoroctansulfonsäure; BPA = Bisphenol A; NP1EO = 4-Nonylphenolmonoethoxylat; BDE = bromierter Diphenylether; PBDE = Polybromierte Diphenylether) im Vergleich zu Grenzwerten (* Standard-Annahme für Erwachsene unter Berücksichtigung des WHO-Zuteilungskonzepts; EQS = Umweltqualitätsnormen; PV = Parameterwert gemäß EU-Trinkwasserrichtlinie; GV = WHO-Richtwert; DWEL = US EPA Trinkwasser--Äquivalenzniveau)_

SourceParameterNumber of samples/sources above LOQ/total numberRange/valuesPV/GV/DWEL drinking waterReference
μg/lμg/l
drinking waterPFOA3 out of 200.0042–0.01074WHO, 2017a
bathing water2 out of 50.0040–0.0050
groundwater7 out of 220.0026–0.0137
river1 out of 70.0032
drinking waterPFOS3 out of 200.0029–0.04330.4WHO, 2017a
groundwater4 out of 220.0036–0.0373
river1 out of 70.0052
drinking waterBPA4 out of 200.0075, 0.0089, 0.0131, 0.02090.01EC, 2018b
groundwater1 out of 220.0089
bathing water1 out of 50.01450.1WHO, 2017a
drinking waterBDE281 out of 200.00000880.018*ATSDR, 2017
drinking waterBDE 472 out of 200.00046–0.000491.03*EFSA, 2011
groundwater3 out of 220.00043–0.00062
drinking waterBDE 992 out of 200.00015–0.000210.025*EFSA, 2011
groundwater3 out of 220.00014–0.00025
groundwaterBDE 1003 out of 220.000035–0.00005612*EPA, 2017
drinking water2 out of 200.000048–0.000049
drinking waterBDE 1531 out of 200.000030.058*EFSA, 2011
drinking waterBDE 1541 out of 200.0000291.2*EPA, 2017
ground water1 out of 220.000021
bathing waterDi-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate1 out of 50.218WHO, 2017b
groundwater2 out of 220.32–0.37
drinking waterDi-n-butylphthalate1 out of 200.1140.2*ECHA, 2016
groundwater5 out of 220.051–0.19
drinking waterDiethylphthalate1 out of 200.293000*WHO, 2003
bathing water2 out of 50.021–0.052
river4 out of 70.021–0.036
groundwater4 out of 220.022–0.094
groundwaterBenzylbutylphthalate1 out of 220.013000*EFSA, 2005
groundwaterDimethylphthalate4 out of 220.012–0.024toxicity less thanUS CPSC, 2010
river1 out of 70.013other phthalates

Groundwater: distribution of positive (pos) results among individual samples (abbreviations as used in Table 4)Tabelle 5_ Grundwasser: Verteilung der positiven (pos) Ergebnisse bei einzelnen Proben (Abkürzungen wie in Tabelle 4 verwendet)

Sample/ParamIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIXIIIXIVXVXVIXVIIXVIIIXIXXXXXIXXIISum
E1
E2
E3
EE2
PFOApospospospospospospos7
PFOSpospospospos4
OP
BPApos1
BPS
TCS
OP1EO
OP2EO
NP1EOpospos2
NP2EO
BDE 100pospospos3
BDE 153
BDE 154pos1
BDE 28
BDE 47pospospos3
BDE 99pospospos3
BBPpos1
DEHPpospos2
DEDP
DINP
DBPpospospospospos5
DOP
DEPpospospospos4
DMPpospospospos4

Bathing water: distribution of positive (pos) results among individual samples (abbreviations as used in Table 4)Tabelle 6_ Badegewässer: Verteilung der positiven (pos) Ergebnisse bei einzelnen Proben (Abkürzungen wie in Tabelle 4 verwendet)

Sample/ParamIIIIIIIVVVISum
E1
E2
E3
EE2
PFOApospos2
PFOS
OP
BPApos1
BPS
TCS
OP1EO
OP2EO
NP1EO
NP2EO
BDE 100
BDE 153
BDE 154
BDE 28
BDE 47
BDE 99
BBP
DEHPpos1
DEDP
DINP
DBP
DOP
DEPpospos2
DMP

Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs): limits of quantification (LOQ)Tabelle 3_ Polybromierte Diphenylether (PBDE): Bestimmungsgrenzen (LOQ)

LOQLOQ
ParameterPeriod 1 [μg/l]Period 2 [μg/l]
BDE 28 (2,4,4´-Tribromodiphenylether)0.00000720.0000083
BDE 47 (2,2´,4,4´-Tetrabromodiphenylether)0.000230.00025
BDE 99 (2,2´,4,4´,5-Pentabromodi-phenylether)0.000200.00014
BDE 100 (2,2´,4,4´,6-Pentabromodi-phenylether)0.0000400.000029
BDE 153 (2,2´,4,4´,5,5´-Hexabromo-diphenylether)0.0000120.0000093
BDE 154 (2,2´,4,4´,5,6´-Hexabromo-diphenylether)0.0000160.000016

Phthalates: limits of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ)Tabelle 2_ Phthalate: Nachweisgrenzen (LOD) und Bestimmungsgrenzen (LOQ)

ParameterLOQ [μg/l]LOD [μg/l]
Dimethylphthalate0.0100.0050
Diethylphthalate0.0200.010
Di-n-butylphthalate0.0500.025
Benzylbutylphthalate0.0100.0050
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate0.200.10
Di-n-octylphthalate0.0100.0050
Di-iso-nonylphthalate0.200.10
Di-iso-decylphthalate0.200.10

Drinking water: distribution of positive (pos) results among individual samples (Param_ = test parameter; E1 = Estrone, E2 = Estradiol, E3 = Estriol, EE2 = Ethinylestradiol, PFOA = Perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS = Perofluorooctanesulfonic acid, OP = 4-tert-octylphenol, BPA = Bisphenol A, BPS = Bisphenol S, TCS = Triclosan, OP1EO = Octylphenol-mono-ethoxylate, OP2EO = Octylphenol-di-ethoxylate, NP1EO = Nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate, NP2O = Nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate, BDE 100 = 2,2´,4,4´,6-Pentabromodiphenylether, BDE 153 = 2,2´,4,4´,5,5´-Hexabromodiphenylether, BDE 154 = 2,2´,4,4´,5,6´-Hexabromodiphenylether, BDE 28 = 2,4,4´-Tribromodiphenylether, BDE 47 = 2,2´,4,4´-Tetrabromodiphenylether, BDE 99 = 2,2´,4,4´,5-Pentabromodiphenylether, BBP = Benzylbutylphthalate, DEHP = Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEDP = Di-iso-decylphthalate, DINP = Di-iso-nonylphthalate, DBP = Di-n-butylphthalate, DOP = Di-n-octylphthalate, DEP = Diethylphthalate, DMP = Dimethylphthalate)Tabelle 4_ Trinkwasser: Verteilung der positiven (pos) Ergebnisse bei einzelnen Proben (Param_ = Testparameter; E1 = Estron, E2 = Estradiol, E3 = Estriol, EE2 = Ethinylestradiol, PFOA = Perfluoroctansäure, PFOS = Perofluoroctansulfonsäure Säure, OP = 4-tert-Octylphenol, BPA = Bisphenol A , BPS = Bisphenol S , TCS = Triclosan, OP1EO = Octylphenolmonoethoxylat, OP2EO = Octylphenol-diethoxylat, NP1EO = Nonylphenolmonoethoxylat, NP2EO = Nonylphenol-diethoxylat, BDE 100 = 2,2 ', 4,4', 6-Pentabromdiphenylether, BDE 153 = 2,2 ', 4,4', 5,5 '- Hexabromdiphenylether, BDE 154 = 2,2 ', 4,4', 5,6'-Hexabromdiphenylether, BDE 28 = 2,4,4'-Tribromdiphenylether, BDE 47 = 2,2 ', 4,4'-Tetrabromdiphenylether, BDE 99 = 2,2 ', 4,4', 5-Pentabromdiphenyläther, BBP = Benzylbutylphthalat, DEHP = Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalat, DEDP = Diisodecylphthalat, DINP = Diisononylphthalat, DBP = Di-n-Butylphthalat, DOP = Di-n-Octylphthalat, DEP = Diethylphthalat, DMP = Dimethylphthalat)

Sample/ParamIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIXIIIXIVXVXVIXVIIXVIIIXIXXXSum
E1
E2
E3
EE2
PFOApospospos3
PFOSpospospos3
OP
BPApospospospos4
BPS
TCS
OP 1EO
OP2EO
NP1EO
NP2EO
BDE 100pospos2
BDE 153pos1
BDE 154pos1
BDE 28pos1
BDE 47pospos2
BDE 99pospos2
BBP
DEHP
DEDP
DINP
DBPpos1
DOP
DEPpos1
DMP

Rivers: distribution of positive (pos) results among individual samples (abbreviations as used in Table 4)Tabelle 7_ Flüsse: Verteilung der positiven (pos) Ergebnisse bei einzelnen Proben (Abkürzungen wie in Tabelle 4 verwendet)

Sample/ParamIIIIIIIVVVIVIISum
E1
E2
E3
EE2
PFOApos1
PFOSpos1
OP
BPA
BPS
TCS
OP1EO
OP2EO
NP1EOpos1
NP2EO
BDE 100
BDE 153
BDE 154
BDE 28
BDE 47
BDE 99
BBP
DEHP
DEDP
DINP
DBP
DOP
DEPpospospospos4
DMPpos1

Selected analytes with corresponding internal standardsTabelle 1_ Ausgewählte Analyten mit den jeweiligen internen Standards

AnalyteInternal StandardsLOQ [ng/l]LOD [ng/l]
Estrone (E1)Estrone-D40.130.035
Estradiol (E2)Estradiol-D40.110.030
Estriol (E3)Ethinylestradiol-D70.440.118
Ethinylestradiol (EE2)Ethinylestradiol-D70.0840.023
Bisphenol A (BPA)Bisphenol A-D166.51.8
Bisphenol S (BPS)Bisphenol A-D166.21.7
Triclosan (TCS)Triclosan-D33.30.9
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)Perfluorooctanoic acid-13C81.950.5
Perofluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)Perofluorooctanesulfonic acid-13C82.80.77
Nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate (NP1EO)Atrazin-D58.92.5
Nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate (NP2EOAtrazin-D56.91.9
4-tert-octylphenol (4-tert.-OP)4-tert-octylphenol-D23.71.0
Octylphenol-mono-ethoxylate (OP1EO)Atrazin-D58.201.7
Octylphenol-di-ethoxylate (OP2EO)Atrazin-D56.21.3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/boku-2018-0014 | Journal eISSN: 2719-5430 | Journal ISSN: 0006-5471
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Language: English
Page range: 155 - 173
Submitted on: Jul 20, 2018
Accepted on: Sep 24, 2018
Published on: Nov 30, 2018
Published by: Universität für Bodenkultur Wien
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Chemicals,
endocrine disruptors,
hormone,
bisphenol A,
water,
toxicology,
risk assessment
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other

© 2018 Werner Brueller, Norbert Inreiter, Thomas Boegl, Martin Rubasch, Samim Saner, Franko Humer, Wolfgang Moche, Andrea Schuhmann, Werner Hartl, Christoph Brezinka, Ludwig Wildt, Franz Allerberger, published by Universität für Bodenkultur Wien
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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