Figure 1

Combining global challenges and impacts on the soil ecosystem_ By adding soil amendments (biochar, BC; zeolite, Z; lime, L), soil physical/chemical characteristics are improved to mitigate the challenges and improve the soil functions_Tabelle 1_ Kombination von globalen Herausforderungen und deren Auswirkungen auf das Ökosystem Boden_ Durch den Einsatz von Bodenzusätzen (Biokohle, BC; Zeolith, Z; Kalk, L) werden die physikalischen/chemischen Bodeneigenschaften verbessert, um die Herausforderungen zu mildern und die Bodenfunktionen zu verbessern_
| Challenges | Impacts | Functions | Soil characteristics | Amendments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soil aggregation (+) | High specific surface area | BC, Z | ||
| Soil aeration (+) | High porosity | BC, Z | ||
| Scarcity of fertile | Degraded soils | Infiltration rates (+) | Liming of acidic soils | BC, L |
| land | Compacted soil | pH of acidic soils (+) | CEC | BC, Z |
| C-sequestration (+) | Flocculation | |||
| Soil erosion (−) | Polymerization | |||
| Degraded soils | High specific surface area | BC, Z | ||
| Water increasingly | Stress resilience against desiccation (+) | BC, Z | ||
| Desertification of soil | High porosity | |||
| scarce | Reduced crop yield | Improve water-holding capacity and capillarity (+) | CEC | BC, Z BC, Z |
| High specific surface area | BC, Z | |||
| Inefficiency of fertil- | Degraded soils | Reduce leaching (sorption) (+) | High porosity | BC, Z |
| izer use | Overfertilization | Improve nutrient supply to plants (+) | CEC | BC, Z |
| crop yield per resource (+) | Buffer capacity | L | ||
| High specific surface area | BC, Z | |||
| Nutrient immobilization | High porosity | BC, Z | ||
| Reduce greenhouse | Compacted soil | Increased nutrient use efficiency (+) | CEC | BC, Z |
| gas emissions | Improve soil aeration (+) | Molecular sieve | ||
| Flocculation | ||||
| High specific surface area | ||||
| High porosity | BC, Z BC, Z | |||
| Detoxification (+) | CEC | BC, Z | ||
| Contaminated land | Contaminated soils | Sorption (+) | Molecular sieve | |
| Immobilization (+) | Buffer capacity | |||
| Declined solubility of metals in soil solution |