References
- Agegnehu, G., Ghizaw, A. and W. Sinebo (2006): Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands. European Journal of Agronomy 25, 202–207.
- Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A., Siahsar, B., Haydari, M., Ramroodi, M. and S.M. Mousavinik (2011): Study of chamomile’s yield and its components under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers using and their residue. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials 3, 23–28.
- Alamprese, C., Casiraghi, E. and M.A. Pagani (2007): Development of gluten-free fresh egg pasta analogues containing buckwheat. European Food Research and Technology 225, 205–213.
- Alizadeh, P., Fallah, S. and F. Raiesi (2012): Potential N mineralization and availability to irrigated maize in a calcareous soil amended with organic manures and urea under field conditions. International Journal of Plant Production 6, 493–512.
- Bajelia, J., Tripathia, S., Kumara, A., Tripathia, A. and R.K. Upadhyayba (2015): Organic manures a convincing source for quality production of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.). Industrial Crops and Products 83, 603–606.
- Bedoussac, L. and E. Justes (2010): The efficiency of a durum wheat-winter pea intercrop to improve yield and wheat grain protein concentration depends on N availability during early growth. Plant and Soil 330, 19–35.
- Betty, R.I. (2008): The many healing virtues of fenugreek. Spice India 1, 17–19.
- Branca, G., Lipper, L., McCarthy, N. and M.C. Jolejole (2013): Food security, climate change, and sustainable land management. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 27, 1–16.
- Cecilio, A.B., Rezende, B.L.A., Barbosa, J.C. and L.C. Grangeiro (2011): Agronomic efficiency of intercropping tomato and lettuce. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, 1109–1119.
- Dadrasan, M., Chaichi, M.R., Pourbabaee, A.A., Yazdani, D. and R. Keshavarz-Afshar (2015): Deficit irrigation and biological fertilizer influence on yield and trigonelline production of fenugreek. Industrial Crops and Products 77, 156–162.
- Damour, G., Ozier-Lafontaine, H. and M. Dorel (2012): Simulation of the growth of banana (Musa spp.) cultivated on cover-crop with simplified indicators of soil water and nitrogen availability and integrated plant traits. Field Crops Research 130, 99–108.
- Ebrahimi, E., Kaul, H.-P., Neugschwandtner, R.W. and A. Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab (2017): Productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercropped with rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science 97, 557–568.
- Fereidooni, M., Raiesi, F. and S. Fallah (2013): Ecological restoration of soil respiration, microbial biomass and enzyme activities through broiler litter application in a calcareous soil cropped with silage maize. Ecological Engineering 58, 266–277.
- Fukai, S. and B.R. Trenbath (1993): Processes determining intercrop productivity and yields of component crops. Field Crops Research 34, 247–271.
- Ghosh, P.K. (2004): Growth, yield, competition and economics of groundnut/cereal fodder intercropping systems in the semi-arid tropics of India. Field Crops Research 88, 227–237.
- Ghosh, P.K., Ajay, K.K., Bandyopadhyay, M.C., Manna, K.G., Mandal, A.K. and K.M. Hati (2004): Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphor compost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping system in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. II. Dry matter yield, nodulation, chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Bioresource Technology 95, 85–93.
- Ghosh, P.K., Tripathi, A.K., Bandyopadhyay, K.K. and M.C. Manna (2009): Assessment of nutrient competition and nutrient requirement in soybean/sorghum intercropping system. European Journal of Agronomy 31, 43–50.
- Gomiero, T., Pimentel, D. and M.G. Paoletti (2011): Is there a need for a more sustainable agriculture? Critical Reviews in Plant Science 30, 6–23.
- Halbrecq, B., Romedenne, P. and J.F. Ledent (2005): Evolution of flowering, ripening and seed set in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench): quantitative analysis. European Journal of Agronomy 23, 209–224.
- Hamzei, J. and M. Seyyedi (2016): Energy use and input-output costs sunflower production in sole and intercropping with soybean under different tillage systems. Soil and Tillage Research 157, 73–82.
- Handa, T., Yamaguchi, K., Sono, Y. and K. Yazawa (2005): Effects of fenugreek seed extract in obese mice fed a high fat diet. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 69, 1186–1188.
- Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Ambus, P. and E.S. Jensen (2001): Interspecific competition, N use and interference with weeds in pea-barley intercropping. Field Crops Research 70, 101–109.
- Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Jornsgaard, B., Kinane, J. and E.S. Jensen (2008): Grain legume-cereal intercropping: the practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23, 3–12.
- Hunt, R. (1982): Plant Growth Curves. Functional Approach to Plant Growth Analyses. Edward Arnold, London, UK.
- Kalinova, J. and N. Vrchotova (2011): The influence of organic and conventional crop management, variety and year on the yield and flavonoid level in common buckwheat groats. Food Chemistry 127, 602–608.
- Kenny, O., Smyth, T.J., Hewage, C.M. and N.P. Brunton (2013): Antioxidant properties and quantitative UPLC-MS analysis of phenolic compounds from extracts of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and bitter melon (Momordica charantia) fruit. Food Chemistry 141, 4295–4302.
- Khiriya, K.D., Sheoran, R.S. and B.P. Singh (2002): Growth analysis of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under various levels of farmyard manure and phosphorus. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops 10, 105–110.
- Klimek-Kopyra, A., Kulig, B., Oleksy, A. and T. Zając (2015): Agronomic performance of naked oat (Avena nuda L.) and faba bean intercropping. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 75, 168–173.
- Klimek-Kopyra, A., Skowera, B., Zając, T. and B. Kulig (2017): Mixed cropping of linseed and legumes as a ecological way to effectively increase oil quality. Romanian Agricultural Research 34, 217–224.
- Koyama, M., Nakamura, C. and K. Nakamura (2013): Changes in phenols contents from buckwheat sprouts during growth stage. Journal of Food Science and Technology 50, 86–93.
- Kübler, E., Aufhammer, W. and H.-P. Piepho (2006): Mischungsverhältnisse in Getreide-Körnerleguminosen-Beständen auf den Kornertrag in Abhängigkeit des Mischungsverhältnisses (Mixing effects in cereal-grain legume stands in dependence of the mixing ratio). Die Bodenkultur 57, 121–130.
- Kübler, E., Aufhammer, W. and H.-P. Piepho (2008): Mischungsverhältnisse in Getreide-Körnerleguminosen-Beständen auf die Zusammensetzung der Spross- und Kornmassen in Abhängigkeit des Mischungsverhältnisses (Mixing effects in cereal-grain legume stands on the composition of the above ground dry matter yield and the grain yield in dependence of the mixing ratio). Die Bodenkultur 59, 85–94.
- Kübler, E., Aufhammer, W. and H.-P. Piepho (2010): Mischungsverhältnisse in Getreide-Körnerleguminosen-Beständen auf die N-Akkumulation in den Spross- und Kornmassen in Abhängigkeit des Mischungsverhältnisses (Mixing effects in cereal-grain legume stands on the N-accumulation of the above ground dry matter yield and the grain yield in dependence of the mixing ratio). Die Bodenkultur 61, 19–27.
- Lithourgidis, A.S., Dordas, C.A., Damalas, C.A. and D.N. Vlachostergios (2011): Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Australian Journal of Crop Science 5, 396–410.
- Mead, R. and R.W. Willey (1980): The concept of land equivalent ratio and advantages in yield from intercropping. Experimental Agriculture 16, 217–218.
- Mirhashemi, S.M., Koocheki, A., Parsa, M. and M. Nassiri Mahallati (2009): Evaluating the benefit of Ajowan and Fenugreek intercropping in different levels of manure and planting pattern. Irananian Journal of Field Crop Research 1, 269–279.
- Musa, M., Leitch, M.H., Iqbal, M. and F.U.H. Sahi (2010): Spatial arrangement affects growth characteristics of barley-pea intercrops. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12, 685–690.
- Nasiri, A., Nourmohamadi, G., Zandi, P., Siavoshi, M. and S. Dastan (2014): Preliminary evaluations of the yield components and productivity of sole cropped and mix-intercropped sweet corn with berseem clover as influenced by various spatial arrangements. Polish Journal of Agronomy 18, 36–44.
- Neugschwandtner, R.W. and H.-P. Kaul (2014): Sowing ratio and N fertilization affect yield and yield components of oat and pea in intercrops. Field Crops Research 155, 159–163.
- Neugschwandtner, R.W. and H-P. Kaul (2015): Nitrogen uptake, use and utilization efficiency by oat-pea intercrops. Field Crops Research 179, 113–119.
- Neugschwandtner, R.W. and H-P. Kaul (2016a): Concentrations and uptake of macronutrients by oat and pea in intercrops in response to N fertilization and sowing ratio. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 62, 1236–1249.
- Neugschwandtner, R.W. and H-P. Kaul (2016b): Concentrations and uptake of micronutrients by oat and pea in intercrops in response to N fertilization and sowing ratio. Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 67, 1–15.
- Neugschwandtner, R.W., Wichmann, S., Gimplinger, D.M., Wagentristl, H. and H-P. Kaul (2013): Chickpea performance compared to pea, barley and oat in Central Europe: Growth analysis and yield. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 18, 179–184.
- Nogueira, S.S.S., Nagai, V., Braga, N.R., Do, M., Novo, C.S.S. and M.B.P. Camargo (1994): Growth analysis of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Scientia Agricola 51, 430–435.
- Osman, A.E. and N. Nersoyan (1986): Effect of the proportion of species on the yield and quality of forage mixtures, and on the yield of barley in the following year. Experimental Agriculture 22, 345–351.
- Peng, S., Buresh, R.J., Huang, J., Zhong, X., Zou, Y., Yang, J., Wang, G., Liu, Y., Tang, Q., Cui, K., Zhang, F. and A. Dobermann (2010): Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 30, 649–656.
- Petropoulos, A. (Ed.) (2002): Fenugreek: The genus Trigonella Taylor & Francis, London and New York, 200 pp.
- Raju, J. and R.P. Bird (2006): Alleviation of hepatic steatosis accompanied by modulation of plasma and liver TNF-alpha levels by Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seeds in Zucker obese (fa/fa) rats. International Journal of Obesity 30, 1298–1307.
- Rerkasem, B., Rerkasem, K., Peoples, M.B., Herrigde, B.F. and F.J. Bergersen (1988): Measurement of N2 fixation in maize (Zea mays L.)-rice bean Vigna umbellata [Thumb.] Ohwi and Onashi). Plant and Soil 108, 151–162.
- Salehi, A., Fallah, S. and A. Abbasi Surki (2017a): Effect of urea fertilizer combined with cattle manure on soil CO2 flux, microbial biomass, soil nitrogen, and growth of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). International Agrophysics 31, 103–116.
- Salehi, A., Fallah, S. and H-P. Kaul (2017b): Broiler litter and inorganic fertilizer effects on seed yield and productivity of buckwheat and fenugreek in row intercropping. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 63, 1121–1136.
- Salehi, A., Mehdi, B., Fallah, S., Kaul, H.-P. and R.W. Neugschwandtner (2018): Integrated fertilization of buckwheat-fenugreek intercrops improves productivity and nutrient use efficiency. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystmes 110, 407–425.
- Scalise, A., Tortorella, D., Pristeri, A., Petrovičová, B., Gelsomino, A., Lindström, K. and M. Monti (2015): Legume-barley intercropping stimulates soil N supply and crop yield in the succeeding durum wheat in a rotation under rainfed conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 89, 150–161.
- Shrestha, R.K., Lal, R. and B. Rimal (2013): Soil carbon fluxes and balances and soil properties of organically amended no-till corn production systems. Geoderma 197–198, 177–185.
- Siavoshi, M., Nasiri, A. and L.L. Shankar (2010): Effect of organic fertilizer on growth and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural Science 3, 217–224.
- Singh, Y., Gupta, R.K., Thind, H.S., Singh, B., Singh, V., Singh, G., Singh, J. and J.K. Ladha (2009): Poultry litter as a nitrogen and phosphorous source for the rice-wheat cropping system. Biology and Fertility of Soils 45, 701–710.
- Stockdale, E.A., Shepherd, M.A., Fortune, S. and S.P. Cuttle (2002): Soil fertility in organic farming systems-fundamentally different? Soil Use and Management 18, 301–308.
- Sugár, E., Berzsenyi, Z., Bónis, P. and T. Árendás (2017): Growth analysis of winter wheat cultivars as affected by nitrogen fertilization. Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 68, 57–70.
- Szumigalski, A.R. and R.C. Van Acker (2008): Land equivalent ratios, light interception, and water use in annual intercrops in the presence or absence of in-crop herbicides. Agronomy Journal 100, 1145–1154.
- Tejada, M. and J.L. Gonzales (2008): Influence of two organic amendments on the soil physical properties, soil loses, sediment and runoff water quality. Geoderma 145, 325–334.
- Wasaya, A., Ahmad, R., Hassan, F.U., Ansar, M., Manaf, A. and A. Sher (2013): Enhancing crop productivity through wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fenugreek intercropping system. Journal of Animimal and Plant Science 23, 210–215.
- Yin, X.M., Luo, W., Wang, S.W., Shen, Q.R. and X.H. Long (2014): Effect of nitrogen starvation on the responses of two rice cultivars to nitrate uptake and utilization. Pedosphere 24, 690–698.
- Zając, T., Oleksy, A., Stokłosa, A., Klimek-Kopyra, A. and B. Kulig (2013): The development competition and productivity of linseed and pea-cultivars grown in a pure sowing or in a mixture. European Journal of Agronomy 44, 22–31.