PON1 (Paraoxonase 1) Q192R Gene Polymorphism in North Macedonian Population with Confirmed Coronary Artery Disease

K Krsteva Jakimovska; M Vavlukis; A Eftimov; S Topuzovska

doi:10.2478/bjmg-2025-00018

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PON1 (Paraoxonase 1) Q192R Gene Polymorphism in North Macedonian Population with Confirmed Coronary Artery Disease

Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics

Volume 28 (2025): Issue 2 (December 2025)

By: K Krsteva Jakimovska, M Vavlukis, A Eftimov and S Topuzovska

Open Access

|May 2026

Abstract

Aim

This study aims to examine the association between the prevalence of Q192R polymorphism of PON1 gene and the occurrence of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in patients in Republic of North Macedonia.

Method

This cross-sectional study includes subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography with or without stenting due to monitoring of stable angina or induced ischemia, divided into two groups. Q192R polymorphism and its genotypic variants were analysed. The Polymerase Chain Reaction technique was used as a method for determining the single nucleotide polymorphism.

Results

A total of 165 subjects (106 belonging to the coronary artery disease (CAD) group and 59 to non-CAD group were evaluated in terms of their biochemical parameters and genetic variants. Results of the PON1 SNP Q192R groups (QQ, QR and RR) association related to CAD and non-CAD groups, resulted in a non-significant association (p=0.0632, OR=0.511, CI: 0.25–0.595, χ²=3.4508, df=1). In further analyses, to obtain a more precise association, we analysed the association between SNP Q192R groups and stenting patients (control vs. stenting group). Further analysis confirmed the association of QQ vs. QR and control vs. stenting (p=0.0418, OR=0.461, CI: 0.216–0.589, χ²=4.1432, df=1).

Conclusion

Results support the concept that genetic variants may contribute to an increased risk of CAD, emphasizing the importance of combined biochemical and genetic testing for better stratification of cardiovascular risk and early confirmation of the predisposition to develop serious cardiovascular disease. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed before Q192R gene polymorphism can be considered as a genetic risk factor for CAD.

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2025-00018 | Journal eISSN: 2199-5761

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Language: English

Page range: 49 - 56

Published on: May 14, 2026

Published by: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

coronary artery disease,

HDL cholesterol,

lipoproteins,

single nucleotide polymorphism

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2026 K Krsteva Jakimovska, M Vavlukis, A Eftimov, S Topuzovska, published by Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 28 (2025): Issue 2 (December 2025)