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Mental Marketing and Political Leadership: A Quantitative and Comparative Analysis of Trump, Obama, and Berlusconi Cover

Mental Marketing and Political Leadership: A Quantitative and Comparative Analysis of Trump, Obama, and Berlusconi

By: Elsa Gega  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

References

  1. Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.
  2. Berlusconi, S. (2011). The future of Italy: My ideas and vision. Rizzoli.
  3. De Sio, L., & Webber, D. (2014). The media and politics in Italy: Berlusconi’s influence. Routledge. Eurobarometer. (2012). Public opinion in the European Union. European Commission. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/
  4. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books.
  5. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). Pearson.
  6. McNair, B. (2017). An introduction to political communication (6th ed.). Routledge.
  7. MIT Media Lab. (2011). Sentiment analysis on Obama campaign messages. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://www.media.mit.edu/
  8. Newman, B. I. (1999). The mass marketing of politics: Democracy in an age of manufactured images. Sage Publications.
  9. Obama, B. (2010). Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. U.S. Congress. https://www.congress.gov/
  10. Pew Research Center. (2018). Trump’s approval ratings by demographic group. https://www.pewresearch.org/
  11. Scammell, M. (2007). Political brands: Political communication and the branding of political parties. European Journal of Marketing, 41(3/4), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710728391
  12. Trump, D. (2017). Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. U.S. Congress. https://www.congress.gov/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjir-2025-0023 | Journal eISSN: 2411-9725 | Journal ISSN: 2410-759X
Language: English
Page range: 66 - 76
Published on: Dec 12, 2025
Published by: International Institute for Private, Commercial and Competition Law
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year

© 2025 Elsa Gega, published by International Institute for Private, Commercial and Competition Law
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.