Educational AI at the boundary of high risk: Estonia’s AI Leap as a stress test for the EU AI Act and the GDPR
Authors
Pablo Martínez-Ramil
Department of Law School of Business and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia pablo.ramil@taltech.ee Czech Institute for Law and Advanced Technologies (CLAiR) Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc, Czechia
Vanessa Roberts
School of Information Technologies, Department of Software Science Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
Chinwendu Jane Madukwe
Department of Law School of Business and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2026-0019 | Journal eISSN: 2674-4619 (formerly 2228-0596) | Journal ISSN: 2674-4600 (formerly 2228-0596)
Language: English
Page range: 129 - 154
Published online: Oct 25, 2026
Published in print: Dec 1, 2026
Published by: Tallinn University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
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© 2026 Pablo Martínez-Ramil, Vanessa Roberts, Chinwendu Jane Madukwe, published by Tallinn University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.