Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Access to justice in public procurement: improving judicial review through lean thinking, proactive law and legal design Cover

Access to justice in public procurement: improving judicial review through lean thinking, proactive law and legal design

Open Access
|Apr 2025

References

  1. Act on Public Procurement and Concession Contracts 2016 (Finland) 1397/2016. Available at: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/2016/en20161397.pdf (Accessed: 14 October 2024).
  2. Åhlström, P., Danese, P., Hines, P., Netland, T.H., Powell, D., Shah, R., Thürer, M. and Van Dun, D.H. (2021) ‘Is lean a theory? Viewpoints and outlook’. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 41(12), pp. 1852–1878. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-06-2021-0408
  3. Arrowsmith, S. and Craven, R. (2016) ‘Public procurement and access to justice: a legal and empirical study of the UK’, Public Procurement Law Review, 6, pp. 227–252.
  4. Azaria, S., Ronen, B. and Shamir, N. (2023) ‘Justice in time: a theory of constraints approach’, Journal of Operations Management, 69(7), pp. 1202–1208. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/joom.1234
  5. Baker, C. (2019) ‘Legal design explained: Part 1—What is legal design?’ Society for Computers & Law. Available at: https://www.scl.org/10490-legal-design-explained-part-1-what-is-legal-design/ (Accessed: 7 August 2024).
  6. Berger-Walliser, G. (2012) ‘The past and future of proactive law: an overview of the development of the proactive law movement,’ in G. Berger-Walliser and K. Østergaard (eds) Proactive law in a business environment. Copenhagen: DJØF Publishing, pp. 13–31. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2576761 (Accessed: 15 December 2024).
  7. Berger-Walliser, G., Barton, T.D. and Haapio, H. (2017) ‘From visualization to legal design: a collaborative and creative process’, American Business Law Journal, 54(2), pp. 347–392. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/ablj.12101
  8. Brown, L.M. (1950) Preventive law. New York: Prentice-Hall.
  9. Brown, L.M. (1986) Lawyering through life: the origin of preventive law. Littleton: F.B. Rothman.
  10. Buchanan, R. (1992) ‘Wicked problems in design thinking’, Design Issues, 8(2), pp. 5–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/1511637
  11. Bumblauskas, D. and Kalghatgi, S. (2018) ‘Order in the courts: propagating a culture of efficiency within the Irish court services’, Public Money & Management, 38(4), pp. 271–280. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2018.1449468
  12. Caranta, R. (2019) ‘The interplay between EU legislation and effectiveness, effective judicial protection and the right to an effective remedy in EU public procurement law’, Review of European Administrative Law, 12(2), pp. 63–93. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7590/187479819X15840066091259
  13. Carraro, M. and Galeazzo, A. (2024) ‘How to drive proactivity in lean settings’, in A. Furlan and D. Powell (eds) A research agenda for lean management. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 149–164. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035302918.00021
  14. Clarke, R.I. (2020) Design thinking. Chicago: ALA Neal-Schuman.
  15. Corrales Compagnucci, M., Haapio, H., Hagan, M. and Doherty, M. (eds) (2021) Legal design: integrating business, design and legal thinking with technology. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839107269
  16. Costa, L.B.M. and Godinho Filho, M. (2016) ‘Lean healthcare: review, classification and analysis of literature’, Production Planning & Control, 27(10), pp. 823–836. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2016.1143131
  17. ‘Council directive 2007/66/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2007 amending council directives 89/665/EEC and 92/13/EEC with regard to improving the effectiveness of review procedures concerning the award of public contracts’ (2007) Official Journal L 335, 20 December, pp. 31–46.
  18. Doherty, M., Corrales Compagnucci, M., Haapio, H. and Hagan, M. (2021) ‘A new attitude to law’s empire: the potentialities of legal design’, in M. Corrales Compagnucci, H. Haapio, M. Hagan and M. Doherty (eds) Legal design: integrating business, design and legal thinking with technology. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 1–8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839107269.00008
  19. Einola-Pekkinen, V. and Hirvonen, M. (2020) ‘Oikeusmuotoilu—Mitä, miksi ja miten?’ Valtiolla.fi. Available at: https://www.valtiolla.fi/oikeusmuotoilu-mitamiksi-ja-miten/ (Accessed: 10 October 2024).
  20. Fremer, M., Kankaanpää, S., Nordman, L., Rydzewska-Siemiątkowska, J. and Suominen, R. (2024) Säädöskielen ymmärtäminen. Helsinki: Valtioneuvoston kanslia, Valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimustoiminnan julkaisusarja 2024:16. Available at: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-383-415-6 (Accessed: 10 December 2024).
  21. Goertzen, M. (2020) Human-centered design and justice system: the link between legal information and human emotion. Halifax: Access to Justice and Law Reform Institute of Nova Scotia.
  22. Gray, A. (2008) ‘New year, new bimonthly issues, new themes’, Public Money & Management, 28(1), p. 3. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9302.2008.00609.x
  23. Haapio, H. (2006) ‘Introduction to proactive law from a business lawyer’s point of view’, in P. Wahlgren (ed) A proactive approach. Scandinavian studies in law, 49. Stockholm: Stockholm Institute for Scandinavian Law, pp. 21–34. Available at: https://www.scandinavianlaw.se/pdf/49-2.pdf (Accessed: 12 September 2024).
  24. Haapio, H., Barton, T.D. and Corrales Compagnucci, M. (2021) ‘Legal design for the common good: proactive legal care by design’, in M. Corrales Compagnucci, H. Haapio, M. Hagan and M. Doherty (eds) Legal design: integrating business, design and legal thinking with technology. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 56–81. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839107269.00011
  25. Haapio, H. and Siedel, G. J. (2013) A short guide to contract risk. Farnham: Gower.
  26. Hagan, M. (no date) Law by design (Continuously updated). Available at: https://lawbydesign.co/ (Accessed: 1 September 2024).
  27. Hagan, M. (2018) ‘A human-centered design approach to access to justice: generating new prototypes and hypotheses for intervention to make courts user-friendly’, Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality, 6(2), pp. 199–239.
  28. Hagan, M. (2019) ‘Participatory design for innovation in access to justice’, Daedalus, 148(1), pp. 120–127. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00544
  29. Hagan, M. (2020) ‘Legal design as a thing: a theory of change and a set of methods to craft a human-centered legal system’, Design Issues, 36(3), pp. 3–15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00600
  30. Hagan, M. (2023) ‘Design standards for court & government forms’, Legal design and innovation, 2 March. Available at: https://medium.com/legal-design-and-innovation/design-standards-for-court-government-forms-c5e157e42b2 (Accessed: 5 September 2024).
  31. Hagan, M. and Kim, M. (2018) ‘Design for dignity and procedural justice’, in Advances in affective and pleasurable design. Proceedings of the Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International Conference, 2017. Springer Press, pp. 135–145. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60495-4_15
  32. Halila, L. (2021) Julkisia hankintoja koskevien oikeudenkäyntien tehostaminen: Selvityshenkilön raportti. Helsinki: Valtiovarainministeriö, Valtiovarainministeriön julkaisuja 2021:47. Available at: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-367-514-8 (Accessed: 10 December 2024).
  33. Halonen, K.-M. (2021) ‘Näkökulmia julkisten hankintojen tehokkuudesta’, Lakimies, 119(7–8), pp. 1113–1135.
  34. Heikkinen, P. and Halonen, K.-M. (no date) ‘Navigating trust in the public procurement judicial remedy system’, (Forthcoming).
  35. Heikkinen, P. and Halonen, K.-M. (2023) ‘Is it all worth it? Litigation risks in public procurement and the role of reputation in particular. Evidence from Finland’, Public Procurement Law Review, 4, pp. 171–185.
  36. Heikkinen, P., Halonen, K.-M. and Kurttila, S. (2023) ‘Vaihtoehtoja julkisten hankintojen muutoksenhakujärjestelmäksi – tehokkuutta etsimässä tuomioistuinjärjestelmän ulkopuolelta’, Lakimies, 121(3–4), pp. 388–415.
  37. Hines, P., Martins, A. L. and Beale, J. (2008) ‘Testing the boundaries of lean thinking: observations from the legal public sector’, Public Money and Management, 28(1), pp. 35–40. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9302.2008.00616.x
  38. Johansson-Sköldberg, U., Woodilla, J. and Çetinkaya, M. (2013) ‘Design thinking: past, present and possible futures’, Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(2), pp. 121–146. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12023
  39. Karpen, I. O. and Senova, M. (2021) ‘Designing for trust: role and benefits of human-centered design in the legal system’, International Journal for Court Administration, 12(3), article 7, pp. 1–18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36745/ijca.422
  40. Legal Design Alliance (2018) ‘Legal Design Alliance’. Available at: https://www.legaldesignalliance.org/ (Accessed: 24 August 2024).
  41. Letto-Vanamo, P. (2017) ‘Access to justice—a concept with many meanings’, Rechtshistorisches Journal, 153(2–4), pp. 233–241.
  42. Lima, R.M., Dinis-Carvalho, J., Souza, T.A., Vieira, E. and Gonçalves, B. (2021) ‘Implementation of lean in health care environments: an update of systematic reviews’, International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 12(2), pp. 399–431. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-07-2019-0074
  43. Martins, A.L., Storsjö, I. and Zanoni, S. (2017) ‘Lean justice’, in T. H. Netland and D. J. Powell (eds) The Routledge companion to lean management. New York: Routledge, pp. 357–367.
  44. Michalakopoulou, K., Bamford, D., Reid, I. and Nikitas, A. (2023) ‘Barriers and opportunities to innovation for legal service firms: a thematic analysis-based contextualization’, Production Planning & Control, 34(7), pp. 604–622. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2021.1946329
  45. Ministry of Justice Finland Workgroup (2024) Oikeuslaitostyöryhmän alustavat toimenpide-ehdotukset 30.9.2024. Available at: https://api.hankeikkuna.fi/asiakirjat/52fe87c3-0732-48ef-b3a9-38db769912e0/2df6f16a-1c35-4174-8b51-24f9f2cbf0c0/LAUSUNTOPYYNTO_20241009095056.pdf (Accessed: 14 October 2024).
  46. Netland, T.H. and Powell, D.J. (2017) ‘A lean world’, in T.H. Netland and D.J. Powell (eds) The Routledge companion to lean management. New York: Routledge, pp. 465–473. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315686899
  47. OECD and Open Society Foundations (2019) Legal needs surveys and access to justice. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1787/g2g9a36c-en
  48. ‘Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the proactive law approach: a further step towards better regulation at EU level’ (2009) Official Journal C 175/05, 28 July. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2009:175:0026:0033:EN:PDF (Accessed: 15 October 2024).
  49. Pachnou, D. (2003) The effectiveness of bidder remedies for enforcing the EC public procurement rules: a case study of the public works sector in the United Kingdom and Greece. PhD thesis. University of Nottingham.
  50. Passera, S. (2017) Beyond the wall of contract text: visualizing contracts to foster understanding and collaboration within and across organizations. PhD thesis. Helsinki: Aalto University Publication Series.
  51. Perry-Kessaris, A. (2019) ‘Legal design for practice, activism, policy, and research’. Journal of Law and Society, 46(2), pp. 185–210. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12154
  52. Pohjonen, S. (2006) ‘Proactive law in the field of law’, in P. Wahlgren (ed) A proactive approach. Scandinavian studies in law, 49. Stockholm: Stockholm Institute for Scandinavian Law, pp. 53–70. Available at: https://www.scandinavianlaw.se/pdf/49-4.pdf (Accessed: 12 September 2024).
  53. ‘Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the effectiveness of Directive 89/665/EEC and Directive 92/13/EEC, as modified by Directive 2007/66/EC, concerning review procedures in the area of public procurement’. COM(2017) 28 final.
  54. Radnor, Z. (2017) ‘Lean public service’, in T.H. Netland and D.J. Powell (eds) The Routledge companion to lean management. New York: Routledge, pp. 467–473.
  55. Rother, M. and Shook, J. (2018) Learning to see: value-stream mapping to create value and eliminate muda. Cambridge, MA: Lean Enterprise Institute.
  56. Salmela, J.-P. (2015) Markkinaoikeuden käsittelyaikojen lyhentäminen julkisia hankintoja koskevissa valitusasioissa. Helsinki: Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö, Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriön julkaisuja 6/2015. Available at: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-227-940-8 (Accessed: 10 December 2024).
  57. Salo-Lahti, M. and Haapio, H. (2024) ‘Possibility-driven design and responsible use of AI for sustainability,’ in R. Ducato, A. Strowel and E. Marique (eds) Design(s) for law. Ledizioni, pp. 205–252.
  58. Santuber, J. and Krawietz, L. (2021) ‘User research methodologies in legal design projects: lessons from practice’, in R. Ducato and A. Strowel (eds) Legal design perspectives: theoretical and practical insights from the field. Ledizioni, pp. 91–115.
  59. Schiele, J.J. and McCue, C.P. (2011) ‘Lean thinking and its implications for public procurement: moving forward with assessment and implementation’, Journal of Public Procurement, 11(2), pp. 206–239. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOPP-11-02-2011-B003
  60. Seepma, A. (2020) Just integrating or integrating justice? Understanding integration mechanisms in criminal justice supply chains. PhD thesis. SOM Research School, University of Groningen. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.128074337
  61. Siedel, G.J. and Haapio, H. (2010) ‘Using proactive law for competitive advantage’, American Business Law Journal, 47(4), pp. 641–686. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2010.01106.x
  62. Sossin, L. (2017) ‘Designing administrative justice’, Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice, 34(1), pp. 87–111. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v34i1.5007
  63. Susskind, R.E. (2019) Online courts and the future of justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838364.001.0001
  64. The Market Court (Finland) (2024) ‘Tilastotietoja—Markkinaoikeus’. Available at: https://markkinaoikeus.fi/fi/index/ajankohtaista/vuositilastot.html (Accessed: 14 October 2024).
  65. Tolvanen, M. (2020) Rikosketjun LEAN-hanke: Selvityshenkilön raportti. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö, Oikeusministeriön julkaisuja, Selvityksiä ja ohjeita 2020:6. Available at: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-259-798-4 (Accessed: 10 December 2024).
  66. Womack, J.P. and Jones, D.T. (1996) Lean thinking: banish waste and create wealth in your corporation. London: Touchstone. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600967
  67. Womack, J.P., Jones, D.T. and Roos, D. (2008) The machine that changed the world: the story of lean production—Toyota’s secret weapon in the global car wars that is revolutionizing world industry. London: Simon & Schuster.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2025-0009 | Journal eISSN: 2674-4619 | Journal ISSN: 2674-4600
Language: English
Page range: 155 - 178
Published on: Apr 2, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2025 Piia Kaave, Isabell Storsjö, Pirkko Heikkinen, published by Tallinn University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.