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The RNA World Hypothesis: A Critical Reassessment of Prebiotic Plausibility Cover

The RNA World Hypothesis: A Critical Reassessment of Prebiotic Plausibility

By:   
Open Access
|May 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Condensation of nucleotides to form RNA polymers.

Figure 2.

Low activation energy 2′, 3′ cyclic phosphate pathway to hydrolyze phosphodiester bond in RNA.

Figure 3.

Condensation of nucleotides is endergonic (thermodynamically unfavorable) and hydrolysis of oligomers is exergonic (thermodynamically favorable). Not drawn to exact scale.

Figure 4.

Deconstruction of nucleotides into their chemical building blocks to facilitate a retro-synthetic analysis.

Figure 5.

Adenosine phosphorylation in formamide at 90°C in Reichenbachite, Cu2+ (PO) (OH). Mineral pretreated for 72 hr at 130°C. From Costanzo et al. (42) slightly modified.

Figure 6.

Proposed abiotic synthetic routes to nucleoside-5′-phosphorimidazolides by (A) Yi et al. (55) and (B) Mariani et al. (54, 60).

Figure 7.

Proportion of equilibrating soluble isomers of D-ribose (76). Exact proportions are modified by temperature. Framed in red is β-D-ribofuranose, used in RNA.

Figure 8.

Possible outcomes of extending a key reaction parameter. (A) Yields rapidly approach zero when continuing the experiment. (B) Yields rapidly approach zero when lowering the concentrations slightly (C) Raising the temperature slightly beyond the optimal value decreases the yield.

Calculated half-lives of the glycosidic bond connecting RNA ribose and nucleobase, at pH 7_ Parameters taken from Stockbridge et al_ (18)_

TemperatureRate constant, kHalf-life
DaysYears
25°C3.7 × 10−12 s−12,168,2535,936
80°C5.82 × 10−9 s−11379.33.78
85°C1.02 × 10−8 s−1790.22.16
90°C1.75 × 10−8 s−1459.71.26
95°C2.96 × 10−8 s−1271.40.74
100°C1.40 × 10−7 s−1162.50.44
Language: English
Page range: 25 - 42
Published on: May 16, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Royal J. Truman, published by The Israel Biocomplexity Center
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.