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Sprint speed and explosive power in under-13 academy football players: A 5-month longitudinal analysis Cover

Sprint speed and explosive power in under-13 academy football players: A 5-month longitudinal analysis

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Open Access
|Oct 2026
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Figures & tables

Figure 1

Flow of participants through the study. SqJ, squat jump

Source: Author’s contribution.

Table 1

Sprint times at baseline and follow-up (n = 23)

Distance (m)JanuaryMayΔ (s) t(22) p d
51.23 ± 0.091.27 ± 0.09+0.0332.270.0340.47
102.06 ± 0.132.11 ± 0.10+0.0532.640.0150.55
203.57 ± 0.123.56 ± 0.13−0.008−0.390.697−0.08

Notes: Values are means ± standard deviations of two trials. Δ, mean change (positive values indicate slower times); d, Cohen’s d. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Source: Author’s contribution.

Table 2

Vertical jump performance at baseline and follow-up (n = 22)

Variable (cm)JanuaryMayΔ (cm) t(21) p d
SqJ26.9 ± 4.427.9 ± 4.6+1.022.110.0470.45
CMJ27.6 ± 4.128.5 ± 4.0+0.922.240.0360.48

Notes: Values are the best of two trials. d, Cohen’s d; SqJ, squat jump. One player was unable to perform jump testing at either timepoint owing to injury (Figure 1). Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Source: Author’s contribution.

Table 3

Isokinetic peak force and inter-limb asymmetry at 60°/s

Knee extension (n = 15)JanuaryMay
Peak force, stronger limb (kg)26.3 ± 6.023.9 ± 5.2
Asymmetry, M ± SD (%)14.7 ± 13.19.4 ± 6.4
Asymmetry, median (range) (%)11.0 (0.4–49.4)7.8 (1.4–26.3)
Players >10%9 (60%)5 (33%)
Players >15%5 (33%)2 (13%)
Players >20%4 (27%)1 (7%)
Knee flexion (n = 14)JanuaryMay
Peak force, stronger limb (kg)13.5 ± 2.618.2 ± 8.1
Asymmetry, M ± SD (%)7.1 ± 5.613.5 ± 13.3
Asymmetry, median (range) (%)6.8 (0.0–16.7)11.4 (2.0–54.4)
Players >10%4 (29%)8 (57%)
Players >15%2 (14%)5 (36%)
Players >20%0 (0%)1 (7%)

Notes: M, mean; SD, standard deviation. Asymmetry = (stronger limb − weaker limb)/stronger limb × 100. Sample sizes differ between exercises owing to incomplete paired data (Figure 1). Absolute peak force values from the two exercises are not directly comparable owing to differences in machine set-up and effective lever arm; between-exercise comparisons were therefore not performed.

Source: Author’s contribution.

Language: English
Page range: 298 - 307
Submitted on: Aug 6, 2026
Accepted on: Sep 4, 2026
Published on: Oct 27, 2026
Published by: University of Physical Education in Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Danail Ivanov, Petar Peev, published by University of Physical Education in Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.