Figure 1
Pre-test and post-test comparison of SBP, DBP, HR, and PQSI between the groups
| Variables | Groups | Pre-test mean value ± SD | Post-test mean value ± SD | Paired sample t-test | ANCOVA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | p-value | Cohen’s d | F | p-value | η 2 | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | SFM | 156.88 ± 5.50 | 143.44 ± 6.18 | 9.54 | <0.001 | 2.30 | 7.165 | 0.002 | 0.246 |
| FM | 153.94 ± 4.74 | 145.13 ± 7.82 | 3.95 | 0.001 | 1.36 | ||||
| CON | 154.31 ± 3.55 | 151.25 ± 5.94 | 1.90 | 0.077 | 0.63 | ||||
| DBP (mmHg) | SFM | 86.81 ± 3.17 | 81.56 ± 3.90 | 5.85 | <0.001 | 1.48 | 5.641 | 0.007 | 0.204 |
| FM | 84.88 ± 3.96 | 82.88 ± 2.73 | 1.94 | 0.156 | 0.59 | ||||
| CON | 83.81 ± 3.04 | 85.31 ± 3.59 | −1.48 | 0.161 | 0.45 | ||||
| HR (bpm) | SFM | 83.94 ± 2.79 | 72.75 ± 4.49 | 7.60 | <0.001 | 2.99 | 21.392 | 0.000 | 0.493 |
| FM | 81.69 ± 3.95 | 74.19 ± 4.54 | 7.66 | <0.001 | 1.76 | ||||
| CON | 82.31 ± 4.85 | 81.31 ± 3.65 | 0.897 | 0.384 | 0.23 | ||||
| PQSI total score | SFM | 8.25 ± 1.24 | 6.88 ± 1.09 | 3.67 | 0.002 | 1.17 | 6.112 | 0.005 | 0.217 |
| FM | 7.88 ± 1.26 | 7.44 ± 1.37 | 1.07 | 0.300 | 0.33 | ||||
| CON | 7.75 ± 1.00 | 8.19 ± 1.28 | −1.815 | 0.089 | 0.38 | ||||
General characteristics of the participants
| Variables | Total (N = 48) mean value ± SD | SFM group (n = 16) mean value ± SD | FM (n = 16) mean value ± SD | CON (n = 16) mean value ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender: Male/Female | 25/23 | 7/9 | 8/8 | 10/6 |
| Age (year) | 48.69 ± 7.09 | 48.81 ± 7.86 | 50.31 ± 6.64 | 46.94 ± 6.73 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.31 ± 9.69 | 67.06 ± 10.12 | 69.50 ± 9.32 | 71.38 ± 9.74 |
| Height (cm) | 164.04 ± 5.50 | 163.94 ± 6.04 | 163.63 ± 5.52 | 164.56 ± 5.23 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.66 ± 2.49 | 24.85 ± 2.56 | 25.8700 ± 2.31 | 26.26 ± 2.54 |
| Duration of HT (year) | 6.52 ± 2.00 | 7.13 ± 1.86 | 6.50 ± 1.75 | 5.94 ± 2.29 |
Pre-test and post-test comparison of WHOQOL-BREF between the groups
| Variables | Groups | Pre-test median (IQR) | Post-test median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical health | SFM | 26.50 (25.00–29.00) | 27.50 (25.00–30.00) |
| FM | 27.00 (25.25–28.75) | 27.50 (26.00–30.00) | |
| CON | 28.50 (26.25–30.75) | 30.00 (26.25–31.00) | |
| p-value | 0.216 | 0.057 | |
| Psychological | SFM | 26.00 (24.25–28.00) | 25.50 (24.25–27.00) |
| FM | 26.00 (25.00–27.00) | 26.00 (25.00–27.00) | |
| CON | 27.00 (25.25–28.00) | 27.00 (25.25–28.00) | |
| p-value | 0.548 | 0.362 | |
| Social relationships | SFM | 10.00 (9.00–11.00) | 10.50 (9.00–11.75) |
| FM | 10.00 (9.00–12.75) | 10.50 (9.00–12.00) | |
| CON | 11.00 (10.00–11.00) | 11.50 (10.25–12.00) | |
| p-value | 0.312 | 0.337 | |
| Environment | SFM | 32.00 (30.00–34.75) | 32.00 (30.00–34.50) |
| FM | 31.00 (29.25–34.75) | 30.00 (29.00–35.00) | |
| CON | 31.00 (30.00–31.75) | 30.50 (30.00–32.00) | |
| p-value | 0.622 | 0.562 | |
| Overall | SFM | 99.50 (94.00–105.00) | 105.00 (97.50–112.50) |
| FM | 103.50 (97.25–109.00) | 103.50 (97.75–105.75) | |
| CON | 104.50 (99.00–111.75) | 102.00 (95.25–109.50) | |
| p-value | 0.153 | 0.545 |