Figure 1
Results of the ICIQ-SF questionnaire
| Sport discipline | How often do you leak urine? | When does urine leak? | How much urine do you usually leak? | How much does leaking urine interfere with your everyday life? 0 = not at all; 10 = a great deal | Presence – Severity of SUI | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of answer | n | % | Type of answer | n | % | Type of answer | n | % | Type of answer | n | % | Level | n | % | |
| CrossFit® (n = 41, 32.8%) | Never | 24 | 58.5 | Never – urine does not leak | 21 | 51.2 | None | 21 | 51.2 | 0 | 27 | 65.9 | No – Lack | 21 | 51.2 |
| About once a week or less often | 16 | 39.0 | Leaks when you are physically active/exercising | 20 | 48.8 | A small amount | 19 | 46.3 | 1 | 7 | 17.1 | Yes – Mild | 15 | 36.6 | |
| Two or three times a week | 1 | 2.4 | Leaks when you cough or sneeze | 4 | 9.8 | A moderate amount | 1 | 2.4 | 2 | 2 | 4.9 | Yes – Moderate | 5 | 12.2 | |
| About once a day | 0 | 0.0 | Leaks for no obvious reason | 2 | 4.9 | 3 | 4 | 9.8 | Yes – Severe | 0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Several times a day | 0 | 0.0 | Leaks before you can get to the toilet | 1 | 2.4 | A large amount | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 1 | 2.4 | Yes – Very severe | 0 | 0.0 | |
| All the time | 0 | 0.0 | |||||||||||||
| Physically inactive (n = 41, 32.8%) | Never | 31 | 75.6 | Never – urine does not leak | 33 | 80.5 | None | 31 | 75.6 | 0 | 33 | 80.5 | No – Lack | 31 | 75.6 |
| About once a week or less often | 8 | 19.5 | Leaks when you are physically active/exercising | 4 | 9.8 | A small amount | 10 | 24.4 | 1 | 1 | 2.4 | Yes – Mild | 6 | 14.6 | |
| Two or three times a week | 0 | 0.0 | Leaks when you cough or sneeze | 6 | 14.6 | A moderate amount | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 3 | 7.3 | Yes – Moderate | 2 | 4.9 | |
| About once a day | 0 | 0.0 | Leaks for no obvious reason | 2 | 4.9 | 3 | 1 | 2.4 | Yes – Severe | 2 | 4.9 | ||||
| Several times a day | 2 | 4.9 | Leaks before you can get to the toilet | 3 | 7.3 | A large amount | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 1 | 2.4 | Yes – Very severe | 0 | 0.0 | |
| All the time | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 2 | 4.9 | ||||||||||
| Swimming (n = 43, 34.4%) | Never | 31 | 72.1 | Never – urine does not leak | 30 | 69.8 | None | 30 | 69.8 | 0 | 30 | 69.8 | No – Lack | 29 | 67.4 |
| About once a week or less often | 10 | 23.3 | Leaks when you are physically active/exercising | 8 | 18.6 | A small amount | 11 | 25.6 | 1 | 6 | 14.6 | Yes – Mild | 11 | 25.6 | |
| Two or three times a week | 1 | 2.3 | Leaks when you cough or sneeze | 7 | 16.3 | A moderate amount | 2 | 4,.7 | 2 | 4 | 9.3 | Yes – Moderate | 3 | 7.0 | |
| About once a day | 1 | 2.3 | Leaks for no obvious reason | 3 | 7.0 | 3 | 1 | 2.3 | Yes – Severe | 0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Several times a day | 0 | 0.0 | Leaks before you can get to the toilet | 2 | 4.7 | A large amount | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 1 | 2.3 | Yes – Very severe | 0 | 0.0 | |
| All the time | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 1 | 2.3 | ||||||||||
Characteristics of the study population
| Sport discipline | Age | BMI | Training experience | Training volume | Duration of single training session | Training exertion | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In (years) | n | % | In (kg m−2) | In (years) | n | % | In (trainings/week) | n | % | In (min) | n | % | (On a 0–10 scale) 0 = not at all, 10 = a great deal | |
| CrossFit® (n = 41, 32.8%) | 18–24 | 14 | 34.2 | 22.8 ± 2.12 | ≤1 | 4 | 9.8 | 1 | 2 | 4.9 | ≤30 | 1 | 2.4 | 6.9 ± 1.1 |
| 25–30 | 12 | 29.3 | 1–2 | 10 | 24.4 | 2 | 3 | 7.3 | 30–45 | 4 | 9.8 | |||
| 31–35 | 7 | 17.1 | 2–3 | 4 | 9.8 | 3 | 18 | 43.9 | 46–60 | 19 | 46.3 | |||
| >35 | 8 | 19.5 | ≥3 | 23 | 56.1 | 4 | 7 | 17.1 | 61–90 | 14 | 34.2 | |||
| >4 | 11 | 26.8 | >90 | 3 | 7.3 | |||||||||
| Swimming (n = 43, 34.4%) | 18–24 | 39 | 90.7 | 21.7 ± 1.8 | ≤1 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 5 | 11.6 | ≤30 | 0 | 0.0 | 6.2 ± 1.3 |
| 25–30 | 4 | 9.3 | 1–2 | 2 | 4.7 | 2 | 12 | 27.9 | 30–45 | 4 | 9.3 | |||
| 31–35 | 0 | 0.0 | 2–3 | 1 | 2.3 | 3 | 13 | 30.2 | 46–60 | 18 | 41.9 | |||
| >35 | 0 | 0.0 | ≥3 | 39 | 90.7 | 4 | 0 | 0.0 | 61–90 | 14 | 32.6 | |||
| >4 | 13 | 30.2 | >90 | 7 | 16.3 | |||||||||
| Physically inactive (n = 41, 32.8%) | 18–24 | 31 | 75.6 | 23.8 ± 4.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 25–30 | 8 | 19.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 31–35 | 1 | 2.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| >35 | 1 | 2.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
Predictors of stress urinary incontinence in physically active females
| Coefficients | β | SE | Wald | P | OR | OR 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | −7.50 | 3.84 | 3.83 | 0.05 | 5.516 × 10−4 | (−15.02, 0.02) |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–24 Years | — | — | — | — | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| 25–30 years | 0.91 | 0.73 | 1.56 | 0.21 | 2.49 | (−0.59, 10.40) |
| 31–35 Years | 1.56 | 1.09 | 2.05 | 0.15 | 4.76 | (−0.56, 40.32) |
| >35 Years | −1.60 | 1.21 | 1.73 | 0.19 | 0.20 | (−0.02, 2.19) |
| BMI (in kg m−2) | 0.30 | 0.14 | 4.29 | 0.04 | 1.34 | (1.02, 1.78) |
| Sports discipline | ||||||
| CrossFit® | — | — | — | — | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| Swimming | 0.01 | 0.72 | 7.553 × 10−5 | 0.99 | 1.01 | (0.25, 4.10) |
| Training experience | ||||||
| >2 Years | — | — | — | — | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| ≤2 Years | 1.40 | 0.76 | 3.42 | 0.06 | 4.06 | (0.92, 17.96) |
| Training volume | ||||||
| 1–2 Sessions per week | — | — | — | — | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| ≥3 Sessions per week | 0.13 | 0.64 | 0.04 | 0.83 | 1.14 | (0.33, 3.99) |
| Training duration | ||||||
| ≤1 h | — | — | — | — | 1.00 (ref.) | — |
| >1 h | −0.34 | 0.56 | 0.36 | 0.55 | 0.72 | (0.24, 2.13) |
| Training exertion (on a 0–10 scale) 0 = not at all, 10 = a great deal | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.92 | 1.02 | (0.68, 1.54) |