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Classification of β-lactamases according to Ambler_
| Class | Active site | Type of β-lactamases | Substrates |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Serine | Penicillinases | Penicillins, first-generation cephalosporins |
| ESBL | Penicillins, first, second, third, and fourth-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam | ||
| Carbapenemases | Penicillins, first, second, third, and fourth-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams | ||
| B | Zn++ | Metallo-β-lactamases | β-lactams except monobactams |
| C | Serine | AmpC cephalosporinases | Penicillins, cephalosporins (except for fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems) |
| D | Serine | Oxacillinases | Penicillins (including isoxazolyl penicillins), first and second-generation cephalosporins |
| Carbapenemases | Carbapenems |