References
- Abatan, O., Oni, A.O., Adebayo, K., Iposu, S., Sowande, O.S. and Onwuka, C.F. 2014. Effects of supplementing cassava peels with cassava leaves and cowpea haulms on the performance, intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African Dwarf goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 47 (1).
- Adelusi, O.O., Isah, O.A., Onwuka, C.F.I. Yusuf, A.O., Ojo V.O.A. and Aderinboye, R.Y. 2016. Performance, Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Azadirachta indica, Newbouldia laevis and Spondias mombin Leaves. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science, 2:507 – 517.
- Adewumi, M.O., Ogunbi, O.J. and Ojo, V. A. 2020. Nutritional evaluation of cassava leaves and their effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf goats. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 62(1), 18
- Aduku, A.O. 2004. Animal Nutrition in the tropics feeds and feeding, pastures management, Monogastric and ruminant nutrition. Davicom, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. Pp. 17.
- Ahamefule F.O and Udo M.D. 2010. Performance of WAD goats fed raw or processed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal-based diet, Nigeria Journal of Animal Production, 37(2):227-236.
- Ahamefule, F.O., Ibeawuchi, J.A. and Okoye, F.C. 2005. Blood biochemistry and haematology of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks fed pigeon peacassava peel-based diets. Journal of Animal Veterinary Advances, 4:1016-1020.
- Ajagbe, D.A., Aribido, S.O., Oyewole, B.O. and Egwuje, C.O. 2019. Hematology and Serum Biochemistry of Growing West African Dwarf Goats Fed Cassava Peel with Supplemental Nitrogen Sources. Agricultural Extension Journal, 3(3). 1-6.
- Alikwe, P.C., Faremi, A.Y., Fajemisin, A.N. and Akinsoyinu, A. O. 2011. Performance and nitrogen utilization of West African Dwarf goats fed soybean and dried poultry waste concentrates as supplements to Cynodon nlemfuensis and Organ Weights of Weaner Rabbits in the Tropics. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 3, 169-173.
- AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Edition, AOAC International, Rockville.
- Arash, O., Hossein, A. and Saeed, N. 2017. Biochemical reference values for healthy captive Persian wild goat (Capra aegagrus). Comparative Clinical Pathology
- Asaolu, V., Rachael. B., Jelili, A., Olusola, A. and Oyeniyi, O. 2012. Intake and Growth Performance of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Moringa oleifera, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala Dried Leaves as Supplements to Cassava Peels. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2: 10.
- Babale, D.M., Millam, J. J. and Abaya, H.Y. 2018. Growth performance and cost-benefits of feeding West African dwarf goats groundnut haulms and cowpea husk supplemented with brewers’ dried grains. MOJ Anatomy and Physiology, 5(6):386‒389.
- Chanjula, P., Petcharat, V. and Cherdthong, A. 2018. Characteristics and feed utilization in goats fed with biologically treated oil palm fronds as roughage in a total mixed ration. South African Journal of Animal Science, 48 (6):1049-1056.
- Dacie, J. V. and Lewis, S. M. 2011. Practical Haematology (12th ed.). Elsevier.
- Doumas, B. T., Watson, W. A. and Biggs, H. G. 1971. Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green. Clinica Chimica Acta, 31(1), 87-96.
- Eyoh, G.D and Ayuk, A.A. 2019. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed selected forages in Akwa Ibom State. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 4(2):78-83.
- Ezea, J., Ezike, J.C., Nathaniel, J., Ukar, A. I., Oguike, M. A., and Herbert, U. 2021. Haemato-Biochemical Profile of Weaner Boars fed Tetrapleura Tetraptera Pod Pulp Meal. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science Technology, 4 (3):1 – 10.
- Fajemisin, A.N., Ibhaze, G.A and Adeyeye, A. A. 2018. Performance of West African dwarf goats fed supplemented with Myrianthus arboreus leaf meal concentrates. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 45(2): 298-300.
- Fajemisin, A.N., Ibhaze, G.A., Fadiyimu, A.A. and Ogunjemite, G.E. 2017. Nutrients intake and weight gain of West African dwarf goats fed maize offal substituted with urea-molasses treated cassava peel diet. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 44(5): 257 – 260.
- FAO. 2017. Cassava: a guide to sustainable production intensification. Accessed on Thursday, September 16, 2021 via http://www.fao.org.
- Fraser, C.M. and Mays, A., 1986. The Merck Veterinary Manual. A handbook of diagnosis, therapy and disease prevention and control for the Veterinarian. Sixth Edition. Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, New Jersey, USA, 905–908.
- Gabriel O.S, Fajemisin A.N, and Onyekachi D.E. 2018. Nutrient Digestibility Nitrogen Balance and Blood Profile of West African Dwarf Goats fed cassava peels with urea – molasses multi-nutrient blocks (UMMB) supplement. Asian Research Journal of Agriculture, 9(4):1 – 11.
- Google Earth. 2022. http://www.google.earth.
- Gurung, N. 2020. Nutritional Requirements of Different Classes of Meat Goats. Professional Agricultural Workers Journal, 6 (3):10.
- Ikhimioya, I. and Imasuen, J. A. 2007. Blood profile of West African dwarf goats fed Panicum maximum supplemented with Afzelia africana and. Newbouldia Laevis. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6(1): 79–84.
- Iyayi, E.A. and Tewe, O.O. 1998. Serum Total Protein, Urea, Creatinine levels as indices of cassava diet for pigs. Tropical Veterinary Science, 8:11-15.
- Jackson, F.S and Barry, T. N. 1996. The extractable and bound condensed tannin content of leaves from tropical tree, shrub and forage legumes. Journal of Science Food Agriculture, 71, 93–110.
- Jacob, O. P, Louis O. E, Yemi, B, Emmanuel, O, Olubanke O, O. and Fisayo, D. 2019. Proximate analysis and SDS-PAGE protein profiling of cassava leaves: utilization as leafy vegetable in Nigeria. MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences, 4(1):1‒5
- Jain, N. C. 1993. Essentials of Veterinary Hematology. Lea & Febiger.
- Jiwuba P.C, Onwujiariri E.B. and Kadurumba O.E. 2018. Carcass yield, organ response and cost/benefit evaluation of West African dwarf goats fed yellow root Cassava Peel-Centrosema leaf meal based diets. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 45(2), 342-351.
- Jiwuba, P.C. 2020. Nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of West African dwarf goats fed cassava root sievate and cassava leaf meal mixture in their diets. Journal of Agricultural Science 2 (31): 160–166.
- Jiwuba, P.C., Amaduronye, W.N. and Akazue R.C. 2020. Effect of Gmelina leaf meal diets on productive and physiological parameters of West African dwarf goat. Agricultural Science and Technology, 12 (4):318-323.
- Kalio, A., Ayuk, A. and Agwunobi, L. 2013. Performance and economics of production of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks fed crop by-products as sole feed in Cross River State, Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1:81-87.
- Kaplan, L. A. and Pesce, A. J. 1996. Clinical Chemistry: Theory, Analysis, and Correlation (4th ed.). Mosby.
- Khaled, S. A. 2018. Bilirubin Metabolism and Juandice. International Medicine School – MSU
- Nur, L, A., Abdul R, A., Mohamed, F, J., and Anjas, A, S. 2016. Effects of feeding goats with Leucaena leucocephala and Manihot esculenta leaves supplemented diets on rumen fermentation profiles, urinary purine derivatives and rumen microbial population. Journal of Applied Animal Research 45 (1): 409–416
- Obi, I.U., and Ugochukwu, N.H. 2016. Feeding values of cassava leaf meal on the performance of West African Dwarf goats. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 1(1), 45-51
- Oderinwale, O.A., Oluwatosin, B.O., Ogunbayo, Z.A., Toviesi, D.P., Okukenu, O.A., Olalere, J.O., Adeyemo, A. J and Kuye, O.M. 2021. Microbial population, identification and in vitro studies of West African Dwarf goats fed diets with or without urea treated corncob. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science 23 (3): 221-231
- Odusanya, L.Q., Fasae, O.A., Adewumi, O.O and James, I. J. 2017. Effect of cassava leaf meal concentrate diets on the performance, haematology and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf lambs. Archivos de Zootecnia 66 (256):603-609.
- Ogunbosoye, D.O., Abayomi, A. and David, A. A. 2018. Blood profiles of West African dwarf (WAD) growing bucks fed varying levels of shear nut cake-based rations in Nigeria. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 4(1):1-9.
- Ogundipe, J.O. and Akinlade, J.A. 2016. Haematological parameters of West African dwarf sheep and goat fed a basal diet of cassava peel supplemented with fresh Gliricidia sepium leaves. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology. 5(3):1229 – 1237.
- Okonkwo, J. C, Omeje, I.S, Okonkwo, I.F and Umeghalu, I. C. E. 2010. Effects of breed, sex and source within breed on the blood bilirubin, cholesterol and glucose concentrations of Nigerian goats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9(2): 120–124.
- Oloche, J., Atooshi, M.Z. and Tyokase, M. U. 2018. Growth performance and blood profile of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed varying levels of treated sweet orange peels. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51, 131-136.
- Oloruntola, O.D. and Omojola, A.B. 2019. Effects of feeding varying levels of cassava leaf meal on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51(2): 341-347.
- Omeruo, F.O., Mokenwa, D.F. and Lezou, F.K. 2016. Performance and economics of production of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks fed crop by-products as sole feed in Cross River State, Nigeria. International Journal of Plant and Animal Sciences, 4 (1):112-117.
- Oni, A.O., Arigbede, O.M., Sowande, O.S., Anele, U.Y., Oluwakemi, O.O., Onwuka, C.F., Onifade, S.O., Yusuf, K.O., Dele, P.A. and Aderinboye, R. Y. 2012. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed dried cassava leaves-based concentrate diets. Tropical Animal Health Production, 44(3):483–490.
- Oni, A.O., Sowande, O.S., Oduguwa, B.O., Yusuf, K.O., Arigbede, O.M. and Onwuka, C.F.I. 2013. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed ensiled cassava leaves with or without molasses and caged layer waste. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 134-142.
- Oni. A.O., Arigbede O.M., Oni O.O., Onwuka C.F.I., Anele U.Y.. Oduguwa B.O. and Yusuf, K.O. 2010. Effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) based concentrates with Panicum maximum basal on the performance of growing West African dwarf goats. Livestock Science, 129: 24–30.
- Orayaga, K.T., Okolie, A.C., Asanka, N.B. and Idede, S. 2019. Performance of broiler chicken fed diets containing mango (Mangifera indica) fruit reject pulp mixed with maize offal. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 46(4):89 – 100.
- Oyibo, A., Efienoku. J., Shettima, I., Umar. Y., Ahmed, H. S., Emmanuel, A. T. and Adamu, A., T. 2020. Serum Biochemistry of West African Dwarf Goats Fed, Some Browse Species Supplemented with a Concentrate Diet. Animal and Veterinary Science Research, 8 (2): 41-44.
- Perera, A.N.F., Perera, E.R.K and Gimasena, H.P.M. 1996. Nutritive value and degradation characteristics of Calliandra calothrysus provenances. In: Evans, D.O. (Ed.), International Workshop on the Genus Calliandra. Proceedings of a Workshop held in January 23–27, 1996, in Bogor, Indonesia. Forest, Farm and Community Tree Research Reports (Special Issue). Winrock International, Morrilton, Arkans
- Plumb, D.C. 1999. Veterinary Drug Handbook. Lower State University press veterinary clinic pathology practice publishing co., Ames.
- Preston, T.R., 2001. Potential of cassava in integrated farming systems. In: Preston, T.R., Ogle, Brian, Wanapat, M. (Eds.), International Workshop on Current Research and Development on Use of Cassava as Animal Feed. Khon Kaen University, Thailand, pp. 5–12.
- Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. 1957. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 28(1), 56-63.
- Sarah, I., Rosnah, S., Mohd N.M., Mohd Zuhair, M.N. and Siti S.A.G. 2019. Comparative proximate composition and cyanide contents of each parts of local cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Journal Technology, 28(8):188-122.
- Schalm, O. W., Jain, N. C. and Carroll, E. J. 2010. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology (6th ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
- Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). 2007.
- Tahas, S.A, Giadinis, N.D, Kritsepi-Konstantinou, M., Papadopoulos, E., Petridou, E. J., Posantzis, D. and Dovas, C.I. 2012. Assessment of some health parameters in west African pygmy goats and Cameroon dwarf sheep of a zoo in Greece. Journal of Hellenic Veterinary Medicine Society, 63(2):147–157.
- Tietz, N. W. 2006. Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry (6th ed.). Saunders Elsevier.
- Tona, G.O, Ogunbosoye, D.O. and Bakare, B.A. 2014. Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of West African dwarf Goats fed graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3 (8):99-106.
- Ukanwoko A.I. and M.O. Ironkwe. 2012. Growth Performance and Haematological Values of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats Fed Leucaena, Gliricidia and Cassava Leaf Meal – Cassava Peel Based Diets. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science 2(3):098-101.
- Van Soest. P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminants. 2nd Ed., Cornel University Press, London.
- Wanapat, M. 2002. The role of cassava hay as animal feed in research and development in Asia: Exploring New Opportunities for an Ancient Crop, R. H. Howeler (ed.). Proceedings of the 7th Regional Cassava Workshop.
- Worldmeter. “Current world population”. (2024). Accessed on Tuesday, August 6, 2024 via https://www.worldometers.info/
- Wuanor, A. A. 2014. Performance, hematology and carcass traits of West African Dwarf goats fed biologically-treated rice straw supplemented with maize offal-brewers’ yeast slurry mixture. Ph.D Thesis, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.
- Wuanor, A. A. and Carew, S.N. 2018. Nutrient Digestibility, Carcass Yield and Production Economics of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Pleurotus Tuber-Regium Biodegraded Rice Straw and Maize Offal -Brewer Yeast Slurry Mixture. Journal of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, 2 (1):13-21.