Performance and Blood Metabolites of Growing Pigs Fed Paniculum Miliaceum Diet

Lefter, Nicoleta Aurelia; Hăbeanu, Mihaela; Gheorghe, Anca; Idriceanu, Lavinia

doi:10.2478/azibna-2021-0018

Abstract

During 30 days, the effects of millet grain regimen on performance indicators and blood metabolites in growing pigs were studied. A total of 40 Topigs pigs with similar age (81±3d) and weight (13.58±0.36 kg) were divided into two groups: control (C), based on the corn-triticale (25%)-soybean meal and experimental (M, where the millet replaces triticale). The production parameters and plasma samples were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Spotchem EZ SP-4430 analyzer from Arkray-Japan was used to assess the blood lipid, protein, enzyme, and mineral profiles. We noticed that the M diet maintains appropriate performance (33.22 vs. 31.30 final BW; 0.646 vs. 0.608 average daily gain; 1.39 vs. 1.29 average daily feed intake and, respectively 0.46 vs. 0.47 Gain: Feed ratio) and plasma metabolic profile with the C diet (P>0.05). In conclusion, the 25% millet added to the growing pigs' diet did not affect the performance indicators or body health.

References

Abdelrahman, S.M., Elmaki, H.B., Idris, W.H., Babiker, E.E., Tinay, A.H.E. 2005. Antinutritional factors content and minerals availability of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) as influenced by domestic processing methods and cultivation. J Food Technol. 3, 397–403.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Adeola, O., Orban, J.I. 1995. Chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) fed to growing pigs. J Cereal Sci. 22, 177–184.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bastos, A.O., Moreira, I., Furlan, A.C., Oliveira, G.C., de Fraga, A.L., Sartori, I.M. 2006. Effect of feeding increasing levels of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) grain for growing and finishing pigs. Rev Bras Zootec. 35 (1), 98-103.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bulus, E., Ibe, E., Dodo, S., Makinde, I.S.O. 2014. Performance of broiler chickens fed two varieties of guinea corn and millets as replacement for maise. Iran J Appl Anim Sci. 4 (3), 541–547.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Council, N.R. Nutrient Requirements of Swine: Eleventh Revised Edition; The National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2012; ISBN 978-0-309-22423-9.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cisse, R.S., Hamburg, J.D., Freeman, M.E., Davis, A.J. 2016. Using locally produced millet as a feed ingredient for poultry production in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Appl Poultry Res. 26 (1), 9–22.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dipnarayan, S., Channabyre, M.V.C., Lalit, A., Manjusha, V., Kailash, C.B. 2016. Genetic and genomic resources of small millets. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci. 35(1), 56-79.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Directive (EU) No. 63 (2010). Official Journal of the European Union, L 276, 33-79.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Goodarzi, B.F., Samie, A.H. Edriss, M.A., Khorvash, M., Sadeghi, G., Van Kessel, A., Zentek, J. 2011. Replacement of corn in the diet of broiler chickens using foxtail millet produced by 2 different cultivation strategies. Poult Sci. 90, 2817–2827.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hăbeanu, M. Lefter, N.A., Gheorghe, A., Untea, A., Ropotă, M., Grigore, D-M., Varzaru I., and Toma, S.M. 2019. Evaluation of performance, nitrogen metabolism and tissue composition in barrows fed an n-3 PUFA-rich diet. Animals. 9 (234), 2-13.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Habiyaremye, C., Matanguihan, J.B., Guedes, J.D'A., Ganjyal, G.M., Whiteman, R.M., Kidwell, K.K., Murphy, K.M. 2017. Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and its potential for cultivation in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.: A Review. Front Plant Sci. 7 (1961), 1-17.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hassan, Z.M., Sebola, N.A. and Mabelebele, M. 2021. The nutritional use of millet grain for food and feed: a review. Agric & Food Secure. 10 (16), 2-16.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hegde, P.S., Namakkal, S., Rajasekaran, T.S.,,Chandra, T. 2005. Effects of the antioxidant properties of millet species on oxidative stress and glycemic status in alloxan-induced rats. Nut Research. 25, 1109–1120.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hellwing, A., Louise, F., Tauson, A.H., Skrede, A. 2007. Blood parameters in growing pigs fed increasing levels of bacterial protein meal. Brief communication. Acta Vet Scand. 49 (33), 1-4.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hyder, M.A., Hasan, M., and Mohieldein, A.H., 2013. Comparative levels of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT in liver associated diseases. Euro J Exp Bio. 3 (2) 280-284.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Issa, S., Jarial, S., Brah, N., Harouna, L. 2016. Are millet and sorghum good alternatives to maise in layer's feeds in Niger, West Africa. Indian J Anim Sci. 86 (11), 1302–1305.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jurisic, V., Radenkovic, S., and Konjevic, G. 2015. The actual role of LDH as tumor marker, biochemical and clinical aspects. Adv Exp Med Biol, 867, 115-124.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Karlsson, M., Satas, S., Stone, J., Porter, H., Thoresen, M. 2009. Liver enzymes cannot be used to predict liver damage after global hypoxia-ischemia in a neonatal pig model. Neonatology. 96, 211–218.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krishnan, R., Meera, M. S. 2018. Pearl millet minerals: effect of processing on bioaccessibility. J Food Sci Technol. 55 (9), 3362–3372.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kwari, I.D., Igwebuike, J.U., Taiya, H., Muhammad, A.A. and Raji, A.O. 2014. Hematology and serology of broiler chickens fed maise, sorghum and millet and, their combinations in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria. Int J Sci Nat. 5 (2), 319-322.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lawrence, B.V., Adeola, O., and Rogler, J.C. 1995. Nutrient digestibility and growth performance of pigs fed pearl millet as a replacement corn. J Anim Sci. 73, 2026–2032.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lee, S.H., Chung, I-M., Cha, Y-S., Parka, Y. 2010. Millet consumption decreased serum concentration of triglyceride and C-reactive protein but not oxidative status in hyperlipidemic rats. Nutr Res. 30, 290–296.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lefter, N.A., Hăbeanu, M., Gheorghe, A., Idriceanu, L. 2020a. Preliminary research on growth response and health status of piglets fed millet grain as a partial replacement for triticale. Sci Papers Ser D Anim Sci. LXIII (1), 135-141.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lefter, N.A., Hăbeanu, M., Gheorghe, A., Idriceanu, L., Cirebea M. 2020b. Use of millet grain in weaning pigs diet: effects on performance and health status. Arch Zootech. 23 (2), 143-154.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Li, X., Yan, H., JunLi, R., Yanni, S., Songling, L., Lianqiang, C., Xi, P., Xiaoshuang, D. 2019. Millet-based supplement restored microbiota 1 diversity of acute 2 undernourished pigs. Bio Rxiv. 1-26.10.1101/2019.12.13.875013
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Li, X., Hui, Y., Leng, B., Ren, J., Song, Y., Che, L., Peng, X., Huang B., Liu, S., Li, L., Nielsen, D.S., Li, Y., Dai, X., Zhao, S. 2021. Millet-based supplement restored gut microbial diversity of acute malnourished pigs. PLoS One. 16 (4), e0250423.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lu, H., Zhang, J., Liu, K., Wu, N., Li, Y., Zhou, K., Ye, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, H., Yang, X., Shen, L., Xu, D. and Li, Q. 2009. Earliest domestication of common millet (Panicum miliaceum) in East Asia extended to 10,000 years ago. PNAS USA. 106 (18), 7367–7372.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Luo, Z., Zhu, W., Guo, Q., Luo, W., Zhang, J., Xu, W., Xu, J. 2016. Weaning induced hepatic oxidative stress, apoptosis, and aminotransferases through MAPK signaling pathways in piglets. Oxid Med Cell Longev. ID 4768541, 1-10.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lykke, M., Hother, A-L., Hansen, F.F., Friis, H., Mølgaard, C., Michaelsen, C.F., Briend, A., Larsen, T., Sangild, P.S., Thymann, T. 2013. Malnutrition induces gut atrophy and increases hepatic fat infiltration: studies in a pig model of childhood malnutrition. Am J Transl Res. 5 (5), 543-554.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mathanghi, S.K., Kanchana, S., Perasiriyan V. 2020. Pinnacles of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.): A nutri millet. Trop Plant Res. 7 (1), 238–244.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Medugu, C.I., Kwari, I.D., Igwebuike, J., Nkama,, I., Mohammed, I.D., Hamaker, B. 2010. Carcass and blood components of broiler chickens fed sorghum or millet as replacement for maise. Agric Biol J North Am. 1 (3), 326-329.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Merck Co. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual, 10th (Eds.), Merck Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nigro, E., Scudiero, O., Monaco, M.L, Palmieri, A., Mazzarella, G., Costagliola, C., Bianco, A., Daniele, A. 2014. New insight into adiponectin role in obesity & obesity–related diseases. BioMed Res. Int. 1–14.10.1155/2014/658913410942425110685
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nishizawa, N., Sato, D., Ito, Y., Nagasawa, T., Hatakeyama, Y., Choi, M-R., Choi, Y-Y., Wei, Y. M. 2002. Effects of dietary protein of proso millet on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Bioch. 66 (1), 92–96.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nishizawa, N., Togawa, T., Park, K-O., Sato, D., Miyakoshi, Y., Inagaki, K., Ohmori, N., Ito, Y. and Nagasawa, T. 2009. Dietary Japanese millet protein ameliorates plasma levels of adiponectin, glucose and lipids in type 2 diabetic mice. Biosci Biotechnol Bioch. 73 (2), 351–366.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Park, K.O., Ito, Y., Nagasawa, T., Choi, M.R., Nishizawa, N. 2008. Effects of dietary Korean proso–millet protein on plasma adiponectin, HDL cholesterol, insulin levels, & gene expression in obese type 2 diabetic mice. Biosci Biotechnol and Biochem. 72, 2918–2925.10.1271/bbb.8039518997420
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Park, M-Y., Jang, H-H., Kim, J.B., Yoon, H.N., Lee, J-Y., Lee, Y-M., Kim J-H., Park D-S. 2011. Hog millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) supplemented diet ameliorates hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in C57BL/6J-ob/ob. mice. Nutr Res Pract. 5 (6), 511-519.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Perri, A.M., O'Sullivan, T.L., Harding, J.C.S, Wood, R.D., Friendship, R.M. 2017. Haematology and biochemistry reference intervals for Ontario commercial nursing pigs close to the time of weaning. Can Vet J. 58(4), 371–376.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pond, W.G., Su, D.R., Mersmann, H.J. 1997. Divergent concentrations of plasma metabolites in swine selected for seven generations for high or low plasma total cholesterol1,2. J Anim Sci. 75, 311–316.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Radostits, O., Gay, C., Hinchcliff, K., Constable, P. 2000. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. Veterinary medicine, 9th (Edn.) Saunders, London, pp. 1819–1822.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Reichling, J.J., Kaplan, M.M. 1988. Clinical use of serum enzymes in liver disease. Dig Dis Sci. 33, 1601–1614.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rej, R. 1978. Aspartate aminotransferase activity and isoenzyme proportions in human liver tissues. Clin Chem. 24, 1971–1979.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Scherer, P.E. 2006. Adipose tissue: from lipid storage compartment to endocrine organ. Diabetes. 55, 1537-1545.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schwartz, R., Conley, C.L. 2020. Blood. Encyclopædia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/science/blood-biochemistry.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shimanuki, S., Nagasawa, T. & Nishizawa, N. 2006. Plasma HDL subfraction levels increase in rats fed proso–millet protein concentrate. Med Sci Monit. 12 (7), 221–226.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shobana, S., Harsha, M.R., Platel, K., Srinivasan, K., Malleshi, N.G. 2010. Amelioration of hyperglycemia and its associated complications by finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) seed coat matter in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Brit J Nutr. 104, 1787–1795.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Singh, S. Chauhan, E.S. 2019. Role of underutilised millets and their nutraceuticals importance in the new era. A review. IJSRR. 8 (2), 2844-2857.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
SPSS. 2011. Statistics v. 20.0., IBM, SPSS, Inc., USA.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Toghyani, M., Tohidi, M., Gheisari, A.A. 2010. Performance, immunity, serum biochemical and hematological parameters in broiler chicks fed dietary thyme as alternative for an antibiotic growth promoter. Afr J Biotechnol. 9, 6819e25.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ulrich, K. 2019. Review nutritional laboratory markers in malnutrition. J Clin Med. 8 (775), 2-11.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Walker, H., Kenneth, M.D., Dallas, W., Hall, M.D., Hurst, J.W. 1990. MD. Clinical Methods, 3rd (Ed.). The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Boston: Butterworths ed. pp. 1238-1378.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Whittaker, A., Dinu, M., Cesari, F., Gori, A.M., Fiorello, C., Becatti, M., Casini, A., Marcucci, R., Benedettelli, S., Sofi, F., 2017. A Khorasan wheat-based replacement diet improves the risk profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): A randomised crossover trial. Eur J Nutr. 56, 1191–1200.10.1007/s00394-016-1168-2534642626853601
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Performance and Blood Metabolites of Growing Pigs Fed Paniculum Miliaceum Diet

Abstract

Paradigm

My account