References
- Adil, H. M., Ali, S., Sultan, M., Ashiq, M., & Rafiq, M. (2024). Open education resources’ benefits and challenges in the academic world: A systematic review. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 73(3), 274-291.
- Agresti, A., & Franklin, C. (2014). Statistics. The Art & Science of Learning from Data. Essex: Pearson Education.
- Borghans, L., Golsteyn, B. H., Heckman, J. J., & Humphries, J. E. (2016). What grades and achievement tests measure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(47), 13354-13359.
- Brookhart, S. M., Guskey, T. R., Bowers, A. J., McMillan, J. H., Smith, J. K., Smith, L. F., ... & Welsh, M. E. (2016). A century of grading research: Meaning and value in the most common educational measure. Review of educational research, 86(4), 803-848.
- Broward College. (2025). Public Information Dashboard. Student Enrollment and Demographics. Retrieved from https://www.broward.edu/about/
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Social Sciences. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Cornell University. (2025). Measuring Student Learning. Retrieved from https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/assessment-evaluation/measuring-student-learning
- Duckworth, A. L., Weir, D., Tsukayama, E., & Kwok, D. (2012). Who does well in life? Conscientious adults excel in both objective and subjective success. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 356.
- Eusea, J., Okwan, P., Belmasrour, R., Patterson, S., & Andrus, S. (2024). Introductory Statistics. LOUIS Pressbooks.
- Gruppen, L. D., Burkhardt, J. C., Fitzgerald, J. T., Funnell, M., Haftel, H. M., Lypson, M. L., ... & Vasquez, J. A. (2016). Competency‐based education: Programme design and challenges to implementation. Medical Education, 50(5), 532-539.
- Lambert, S. (2020). Online open education and social justice: Progress for regional, multi-lingual, and female learners. Inclusive Education Is a Right, Right, 21-36.
- Lopez, C. L. (2002). Assessment of student learning: Challenges and strategies. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 28(6), 356-367.
- Miao, F., Mishra, S., Orr, D., & Janssen, B. (2019). Guidelines on the Development of Open Educational Resources Policies. UNESCO Publishing.
- Mertens, D. M. (2019). Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating Diversity with Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods. Sage Publications.
- Norris, D., Baer, L., Leonard, J., Pugliese, L., & Lefrere, P. (2008). Action analytics: Measuring and improving performance that matters in higher education. EDUCAUSE Review, 43(1), 42.
- Penn State. (2023). Do we need letter grades? Retrieved from https://sites.psu.edu/mcmcivic.
- Raffaghelli, J. E., & Grion, V. (2023). Beyond just metrics: For a renewed approach to assessment in higher education. In Data cultures in higher education: Emergent practices and the challenge ahead (pp. 89-121). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
- Roubides, P. (2015). Distance learning and the control theory metaphor. Procedia Computer Science, 65, 269-277.
- Roubides, P. (2025, October). Measuring Academic Success (Beyond Reasonable Doubt) [Keynote address]. 8th World Conference on Education & Teaching, Lyon, France.
- Schneider, J., & Hutt, E. L. (2023). Off the Mark: How Grades, Ratings, and Rankings Undermine Learning (but don’t have to). Harvard University Press.
- Scott-Clayton, J. (2013). Information constraints and financial aid policy. In Student financing of higher education (pp. 75-97). Routledge.
- Walden, P. R. (2020, August). Competency-based education: Purposes and promises. Seminars in Speech and Language, 41(4), 289-297. Thieme Medical Publishers.
- Wallis, S. (2013). Binomial confidence intervals and contingency tests: Mathematical fundamentals and the evaluation of alternative methods. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 20(3), 178-208.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/atd-2026-0010 | Journal eISSN: 2585-7444
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 15
Submitted on: Dec 8, 2025
Accepted on: Mar 3, 2026
Published on: Jun 13, 2026
Published by: DTI University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year
Related subjects:
© 2026 Pascal Roubides, published by DTI University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
