Comparative Experimental Investigation of Environmentally Non-Hazardous Rapeseed Oils Using Technical Reliability Indicators

Kučera, Marián; Drmla, Jakub; Aleš, Zdeněk

doi:10.2478/ata-2025-0010

Abstract

The procedures of tribological diagnostics use oil filling as a resource for multidimensional and complex information about the phenomena, changes, and modes of wear in systems. The purpose was to investigate the possibilities of evaluating two physicochemical parameters [kinematic viscosity at 40 °C (KV40) and total acid number (TAN)] of 6 natural non-edible oils according to chemical composition by means of two methods in laboratory conditions using a tribometer. Evaluation was based on the hypothesis that the oil is considered relatively good if its changes in selected diagnostic properties remain within permissible limits for at least 1000 operating hours. One of the procedures is the assessment of bio-based hydraulic oils on a reciprocal comparison of properties. The following method is based on the monitoring of suitably chosen diagnostic signals that will indirectly rate the technical condition of the oil filling according to changes in the dependent quantities. Results demonstrated that it is possible to assume the degradation of essential oil parameters to the limit condition, to use these data to determine the technical life of the oil filling, and to obtain the trends of relative operating time. In this way, it is possible to give users information about the quality of the oil used in specific operation conditions.

References

BACZEWSKI, K. – SZCZAWINSKI, P. 2016. Investigation of the process of ageing of hydraulic oil during its use. In The Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 5–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14669/AM.VOL73.ART1
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
BHAT, S. A. – CHAROO, M. S. 2023. Rheological characteristics of coconut grease with graphene nanoplatelets. In Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, vol. 13, pp. 10799–10806. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02118-0
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DEUSTER, S. – SCHMITZ, K. 2021. Bio-based hydraulic fluids and the influence of hydraulic oil viscosity on the efficiency of mobile machinery. In Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 14, article no. 7570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147570
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
FITCH, J. – TROYER, D. 2011. Setting limits and targets for effective oil analysis. In Machinery Lubrication, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 14–17.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
HNILICOVÁ, M. – TURIS, J. – HNILICA, R. 2021. Application of multidimensional statistical analysis in tribotechnical diagnostics of hydraulic fluids in woodworking equipment. In Materials, vol. 14, no. 16, article no. 4628. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164628
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
ISO 3104:2023. Petroleum products. Transparent and opaque liquids. Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
JEON, H.-G. – KIM, J.-K. – NA, S.-J. – KIM, M.-S. – HONG, S.-H. 2022. Application of condition monitoring for hydraulic oil using tuning fork sensor: A study case on hydraulic system of earth moving machinery. In Materials, vol. 15, no. 21, article no. 7657. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217657
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KAMYAB, B. – BEIMS, R. – CHAMBERS, D. W. – BASSI, A. S. – XU, C. 2024. Sustainable production of high-performance bio-based hydraulic fluids from vegetable oils: Recent advances, current challenges, and future perspectives. In Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 183, article no. 107160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107160
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KOSIBA, J. – TKÁČ, Z. – JABLONICKÝ, J. – ČURGALIOVÁ, G. – TULÍK, J. – HALENÁR, M. 2024. Laboratory test of a gear hydraulic pump during the application of an environmentally friendly hydraulic fluid with constant pressure and temperature. In Lubricants, vol. 12, no. 9, article no. 304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12090304
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KUMAR, G. – GARG, H. C. 2024. Dispersion stability analysis of vegetable oil-based ionanolubricants. In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, vol. 238, no. 9, pp. 1138–1152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501241250368
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LEGÁT, V. – MOŠNA, F. – ALEŠ, Z. – JURČA, V. 2017. Preventive maintenance models – higher operational reliability. In Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance and Reliability, vol. 19 no. 1, pp. 134–141. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2017.1.19
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MASZEWSKA, M. – FLOROWSKA, A. – DŁUŻEWSKA, E. – WRONIAK, M. - MARCINIAK-LUKASIAK, K. – ŻBIKOWSKA, A. 2018. Oxidative Stability of Selected Edible Oils. In Molecules, vol. 23, no. 7, article no. 1746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071746
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MATTHAUS, B. – ÖZCAN, M. M. – AL JUHAIMI, F. 2016. Some rape/canola seed oils: Fatty acid composition and tocopherols. In Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, vol. 71, no. 3–4, pp. 73–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2016-0003
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MIHALČOVÁ, J. – AL HAKIM, H. 2009. Tribotechnical diagnostics in the operation of used oils II. Methods of evaluating the physico-chemical properties of oils. In Chemické listy, vol. 103, pp. 416–418 (In Slovak)
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MICHALIDES, M. – ČORŇÁK, Š. – JELÍNEK, J. – JANOUŠKOVÁ, R. – HUJO, Ľ. – NOSIAN, J. 2023. Degradation of ecological energy carriers under cyclic pressure loading. In Acta Technologica Agriculturae, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 173–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0023
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
NASSEF, B. G. – PAPE, F. – POLL, G. 2023. Enhancing the performance of rapeseed oil lubricant for machinery component applications through hybrid blends of nanoadditives. In Lubricants, vol. 11, no. 11, article no. 479. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11110479
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
NAZARI, N. M. – MUHAMMAD, M. – MOKHTAR, A. A. 2022. Prediction of lubrication oil parameter degradation to extend the oil change interval based on Gaussian process regression (GPR). In Tribology Online, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 135–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2474/trol.17.135
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
POCHI, D. – FANIGLIULO, R. – BISAGLIA, C. – CUTINI, M. – GRILLI, R. – FORNACIARI, L. – BETTO, M. – PARI, L. – GALLUCCI, F. – CAPUZZI, L. – SAGLIANO, A. – PALMIERI, F. – CHIATTI, G. 2020. Test rig and method for comparative evaluation of conventional and bio-based hydraulic fluids and lubricants for agricultural transmissions. In Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 20, article no. 8564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208564
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PRAVDA, S. – SEDENKA, D. – BLATA, J. – HRABOVSKY, L. 2024. Influence of incubation period on membrane patch color for insoluble contaminant measurement in degraded hydraulic oils. In Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering, 10, article no. 1366543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2024.1366543
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
SAXENA, A. – KUMAR, D. – TANDON, N. – KAUR, T. – SINGH, N. 2022. Development of vegetable oilbased greases for extreme pressure applications: An integration of nontoxic, ecofriendly ingredients for enhanced performance. In Tribology Letters, vol. 70, article no. 108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-022-01651-x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
SHARMA, P. – FAROOQ, U. – ALI, S. S. – FATIMA, K. 2024. Nanodimensional metal-/metal oxide-incorporated vegetable oil-based biodegradable lubricants: Environmental benefits, progress, and challenges. In YUSUF, M. – PRASAD, L. – KHAN, S. A. (eds) Nanolubricants: Generation and Applications. Scrivener Publishing, LLC, pp. 229–255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119865698.ch9
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
SIDDIQUI, M. – PAL, S. K. – DEWANGAN, N. – CHATTOPADHYAYA, S. – SHARMA, S. – NEKOONAM, S. – ISSAKHOV, A. 2021. Sludge formation analysis in hydraulic oil of load haul dumper 811MK V machine running at elevated temperatures for bioenergy applications. In International Journal of Chemical Engineering, article no. 4331809. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4331809
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
STN 65 6070:1984. Petroleum products. Determination of acidity and acidity number. (In Slovak).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
STN EN ISO 3170:2005. Petroleum liquids. Manual sampling (In Slovak).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
TIAN, C. – XU, H. – DONG, J. 2024. Development of environmentally friendly lubricant using natural resources: Layered double hydroxide gels. In Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 208, article no. 117879. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117879
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
TKÁČ, Z. – ČORNÁK, Š. – KOSIBA, J. – JANOUŠKOVÁ, R. – MICHALIDES, M. – VOZÁROVÁ, V. – CSILLAG, J. 2021. Investigation of degradation of ecological hydraulic fluid. In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers: Part C – Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, vol. 235, no. 24, pp. 7925–7933. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062211032996
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
WOLAK, A. – ZAJĄC, G. 2017. The kinetics of changes in kinematic viscosity of engine oils under similar operating conditions. In Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance and Reliability, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 260–267. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2017.2.14
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
WOLAK, A. 2018. Changes in lubricant properties of used synthetic oils based on the total acid number. In Measurement and Control, vol. 51, no. 3–4, pp. 65–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294018770916
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
YAN, S. – MA, B. – WANG, X. – CHEN, J. – ZHENG, C. 2020. Maintenance policy for oil-lubricated systems with oil analysis data. In Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance and Reliability, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 455–464. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2020.3.8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Comparative Experimental Investigation of Environmentally Non-Hazardous Rapeseed Oils Using Technical Reliability Indicators

Abstract

Paradigm

My account