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Role of noradrenaline and adrenoreceptors in prostaglandin E2 generation in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-treated porcine endometrial epithelial cells Cover

Role of noradrenaline and adrenoreceptors in prostaglandin E2 generation in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-treated porcine endometrial epithelial cells

Open Access
|Feb 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

The purity of endometrial epithelial cell culture confirmed by positive immunofluorescent staining for anti-cytokeratin (A) and negative anti-vimentin staining (B). Negative control without primary antibodies for cytokeratin (C) and vimentin (D). Scale bar: 20 μm.

Table 1.

Influence of noradrenaline (NA, 10−5 M) alone or agonists of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs, 10−4 M) alone or antagonists of β-ARs (10−4 M) alone on the prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase-2 (PTGS-2), microsomal PTGE synthase-1 (mPTGES-1) and mPTGES-2 protein abundances in the pig cultured endometrial epithelial cells.

TreatmentPTGS-2mPTGES-1mPTGES-2
protein abundances (arbitrary units)
CV0.19±0.030.03±0.010.29±0.03a
NA0.18±0.080.04±0.020.54±0.04b
α1 agon.0.22±0.040.04±0.020.18±0.05a
α2 agon.0.16±0.050.03±0.010.21±0.02a
β agon.0.22±0.030.03±0.020.71±0.06b
β1 agon.0.23±0.020.07±0.030.58±0.02b
β2 agon.015±0.040.05±0.031.23±0.04c
β3 agon.0.25±0.030.03±0.010.59±0.03b
β1 anta.0.21±0.050.06±0.020.22±0.04a
β2 anta.0.15±0.030.04±0.010.25±0.05a
β3 anta.0.18±0.060.04±0.020.21±0.07a

[i] Enzyme abundances were determined by Western blotting, and values were normalized against glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein abundances. Treatments were conducted in triplicate for each of the four pigs. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM.

[ii] Different letters (a, b, c) indicate statistical differences (P<0.01, P<0.001).

[iii] CV: control value; agon.: agonist; anta.: antagonist

Figure 2.

Influence of noradrenaline (NA, 10−5 M) alone or agonists of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs, 10−4 M) or antagonists of β1-, β2- and β3-ARs (10−4 M) with NA or antagonists of β1-, β2- and β3-ARs (10−4 M) in combination with agonists of β1-, β2-, β3-ARs (10−4 M) on the prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase-2 (PTGS-2) protein abundance in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng/ml of medium)-exposed pig cultured endometrial epithelial cells, estimated by Western blotting. Treatments were conducted in triplicate for each of the four pigs. The values were normalized against glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) abundances. Data are presented as the mean (± SEM). Blots with representative bands for each treatment are given in Supplementary Figure 2A. Different letters (a, b, c) indicate statistical differences (P<0.05–0.001). CV: control value

Figure 3.

Influence of noradrenaline (NA, 10−5 M) alone or agonists of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs, 10−4 M) or antagonists of β1-, β2- and β3-ARs (10−4 M) with NA or antagonists of β1-, β2- and β3-ARs (10−4 M) in combination with agonists of β1-, β2-, β3-ARs (10−4 M) on the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPTGES-1) protein abundance in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng/ml of medium)-exposed pig cultures endometrial epithelial cells, estimated by Western blotting. Treatments were conducted in triplicate for each of the four pigs. The values were normalized against glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) abundances. Data are presented as the mean (± SEM). Blots with representative bands for each treatment are given in Supplementary Figure 2B. Different letters (a, b, c, d) indicate statistical differences (P<0.05–0.001). CV: control value

Figure 4.

Influence of noradrenaline (NA, 10−5 M) alone or agonists of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs, 10−4 M) or antagonists of β1-, β2- and β3-ARs (10−4 M) with NA or antagonists of β1-, β2- and β3-ARs (10−4 M) in combination with agonists of β1-, β2-, β3-ARs (10−4 M) on the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPTGES-2) protein abundance in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng/ml of medium)-exposed pig cultured endometrial epithelial cells, estimated by Western blotting. Treatments were conducted in triplicate for each of the four pigs. The values were normalized against glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) abundances. Data are presented as the mean (± SEM). Blots with representative bands for each treatment are given in Supplementary Figure 2C. Different letters (a, b) indicate statistical differences (P<0.05, P<0.01). CV: control value

Table 2.

Influence of noradrenaline (NA, 10−5 M) alone or agonists of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs, 10−4 M) alone or antagonists of β-ARs (10−4 M) alone on the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content in the medium of pig cultured endometrial epithelial cells.

TreatmentPGE2 content (ng/ml of medium)
CV0.71±0.15a
NA1.52±0.13b
α1 agon.0.59±0.17a
α2 agon.0.68±0.14a
β agon.1.91±0.15cb
β1 agon.2.38±0.09cd
β2 agon.2.74±0.11d
β3 agon.2.65±0.13d
β1 anta.0.62±0.14a
β2 anta.0.53±0.09a
β3 anta.0.83±0.14a

[i] PGE2 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Treatments were conducted in triplicate for each of the four pigs. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM.

[ii] Different letters (a, b, c, d) indicate statistical differences (P<0.05–0.001).

[iii] CV: control value; agon.: agonist; anta.: antagonist.

Figure 5.

Influence of noradrenaline (NA, 10−5 M) alone or agonists of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs, 10−4 M) or antagonists of β1-, β2- and β3-ARs (10−4 M) with NA or antagonists of β1-, β2- and β3-ARs (10−4 M) in combination with agonists of β1-, β2-, β3-ARs (10−4 M) on the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in medium after incubation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng/ml medium)-exposed pig cultured endometrial epithelial cells, estimated by ELISA. Treatments were conducted in triplicate for each of the four pigs. Data are presented as the mean (± SEM). Different letters (a, b, c) indicate statistical differences (P<0.001). CV: control value

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2025-0115 | Journal eISSN: 2300-8733 (formerly 1642-3402) | Journal ISSN: 1642-3402
Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 4, 2025
Accepted on: Oct 9, 2025
Published on: Feb 17, 2026
Published by: National Research Institute of Animal Production
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
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© 2026 Barbara Jana, Aleksandra Mówińska, Aneta Andronowska, Jarosław Całka, published by National Research Institute of Animal Production
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.