References
- Akbarian‐Tefaghi M., Ghasemi E., Khorvash M. (2018). Performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of dairy calves fed starter mixtures supplemented with herbal plants, essential oils or monensin. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 102: 630–638.
- Akins, M. S. (2016). Dairy heifer development and nutrition management. Vet. Clin. - Food Anim. Pract., 32: 303-317.
- Alemu Y.F., Jemberu W.T., Mekuriaw Z., Abdi R.D. (2022). Incidence and predictors of calf morbidity and mortality from birth to 6-months of age in dairy farms of northwestern Ethiopia. Front. Vet. Sci., 9: 859401.
- Allam S.A., Elnomrosy S.M., Mohamed S.M. (2024). Virulent-MDR-ESBL E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae report from North Sinai calves diarrhea and in vitro antimicrobial by Moringa oleifera. BMC Vet. Res., 20: 259.
- Almas I., Innocent E., Machumi F., Kisinza W. (2021). Chemical composition of essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus maculata grown in Tanzania. Sci. Afr., 12: e00758.
- Álvarez-Martínez F.J., Barrajón-Catalán E., Herranz-López M., Micol V. (2021). Antibacterial plant compounds, extracts and essential oils: An updated review on their effects and putative mechanisms of action. Phytomedicine, 90: 153626.
- Asghari M., Abdi-Benemar H., Maheri-Sis N., Salamatdoust-Nobar R., Salem A.Z., Zamanloo M., Anele U.Y. (2021). Effects of emulsified essential oils blend on performance, blood metabolites, oxidative status and intestinal microflora of suckling calves. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 277: 114954.
- Asif M., Saleem M., Saadullah M., Yaseen H.S., Al Zarzour R. (2020). COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Inflammopharmacology, 28: 1153–1161.
- Bakó E., Böszörményi A., Vargáné Szabó B., Engh M.A., Hegyi P., Ványolós A., Csupor D. (2024). Chemometric analysis of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes of conifers. Front. Plant Sci., 15: 1392539.
- Beigi M., Torki-Harchegani M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti A. (2018). Quantity and chemical composition of essential oil of peppermint (Mentha× piperita L.) leaves under different drying methods. Int. J. Food Prop., 21: 267–276.
- Benchaar C., Petit H.V., Berthiaume R., Ouellet D.R., Chiquette J., Chouinard P.Y. (2007). Effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 886–897.
- Białoń M., Krzyśko-Łupicka T., Nowakowska-Bogdan E., Wieczorek P.P. (2019). Chemical composition of two different lavender essential oils and their effect on facial skin microbiota. Molecules, 24: 3270.
- Bibow A., Oleszek W. (2024). Essential oils as potential natural antioxidants, antimicrobial, and antifungal agents in active food packaging. Antibiotics, 13: 1168.
- Biyik F., Biricik H., Urkmez E., Kara C., Cetin I., Udum D. (2023). Effects of rosemary essential oil as a feed additive on performance, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters in preweaning Holstein calves. J. Hellenic Vet. Med. Soc., 74: 6191–6199
- Boncan D.A.T., Tsang S.S., Li C., Lee I.H., Lam H.M., Chan T.F., Hui J.H. (2020). Terpenes and terpenoids in plants: Interactions with environment and insects. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21: 7382.
- Bragg R., Corbishley A., Lycett S., Burrough E., Russell G., Macrae A. (2023). Effect of neonatal immunoglobulin status on the outcomes of spring-born suckler calves. Vet. Rec., 192: no-no. doi:10.1002/vetr.2587.
- Brochot A., Guilbot A., Haddioui L., Roques C. (2017). Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three essential oil blends. Microbiol. Open, 6: e00459.
- Brunauer M., Roch F.F., Conrady B. (2021). Prevalence of worldwide neonatal calf diarrhoea caused by bovine rotavirus in combination with bovine coronavirus, Escherichia coli K99 and Cryptosporidium spp.: A meta-analysis. Animals, 11: 1014.
- Calsamiglia, S., Busquet, M., Cardozo, P. W., Castillejos, L., Ferret, A. (2007). Invited review: essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 2580-2595.
- Câmara J.S., Perestrelo R., Ferreira R., Berenguer C.V., Pereira J.A., Castilho P.C. (2024). Plant-derived terpenoids: A plethora of bioactive compounds with several health functions and industrial applications—A comprehensive overview. Molecules, 29: 3861.
- Campolina J.P., Coelho S.G., Belli A.L., Neves L.F.M., Machado F.S., Pereira L.G., Tomich T.R., Carvalho V.A., Daibert R.M., Reis D.R.L., Costa S.F., Voorsluys A.L., Jacob D.V., Campos M.M. (2023). Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves. Sci. Rep., 13: 3378.
- Campolina J.P., Gesteira Coelho S., Belli A.L., Samarini Machado F., Pereira L.G.R., Tomich T.R., Magalhães Campos M. (2021). Effects of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer on performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and health scores of dairy heifers. PLoS One, 16(3): e0231068.
- Cangiano L.R., Villot C., Guan L.L., Ipharraguerre I.R., Steele M.A. (2024). Graduate Student Literature Review: Developmental adaptations of immune function in calves and the influence of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease. J. Dairy Sci., 107: 2543–2555.
- Chase, C.C., Hurley, D.J., Reber, A.J. (2008). Neonatal immune development in the calf and its impact on vaccine response. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 24 87-104.
- Chen X.F., Ding Y.Y., Guan H.R., Zhou C.J., He X., Shao Y.T., Wang Y.B., Wang N., Li B., Lv G.Y., Chen S.H. (2024). The pharmacological effects and potential applications of limonene from citrus plants: A review. Nat. Prod. Commun., 19: 1934578X241254229.
- Chen X., Shang S., Yan F., Jiang H., Zhao G., Tian S., Chen, R., Chen D., Dang Y. (2023). Antioxidant activities of essential oils and their major components in scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid oxidation and reducing cellular oxidative stress. Molecules, 28: 4559.
- Cho Y.I., Yoon K.J. (2014). An overview of calf diarrhea-infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. J. Vet. Sci., 15: 1.
- Coelho M.G., da Silva A.P., de Toledo A.F., Cezar A.M., Tomaluski C.R., Barboza R.D., Junior G.F.V., Manzano R.R., Bittar C.M. (2023). Essential oil blend supplementation in the milk replacer of dairy calves: Performance and health. PLoS One, 18(10): e0291038.
- Costa M.D.S., Rocha J.E., Campina F.F., Silva A.R., Da Cruz R.P., Pereira R.L., Coutinho H.D. (2019). Comparative analysis of the antibacterial and drug-modulatory effect of D-limonene alone and complexed with β-cyclodextrin. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 128: 158–161.
- Dhifi W., Bellili S., Jazi S., Bahloul N., Mnif W. (2016). Essential oils’ chemical characterization and investigation of some biological activities: A critical review. Medecines, 3: 1–16.
- dos Santos É.R., Maia J.G.S., Fontes-Júnior E.A., do Socorro Ferraz Maia C. (2022). Linalool as a therapeutic and medicinal tool in depression treatment: A review. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 20: 1073–1092.
- Dratwa-Chałupnik A., Herosimczyk A., Lepczyński A., Skrzypczak W.F. (2012). Calves with diarrhea and a water-electrolyte balance. Medycyna Wet., 68(1): 5–8.
- Ebrahimi M., Dehghan-Banadaki M., Ganjkhanlou M., Khalilvandi-Behroozyar H. (2018a). Effects of adding thyme and peppermint essential oils in calf starter diet on performance of Holstein calves. Anim. Prod. Res., 6: 53–62.
- Ebrahimi, M.A., Sobhanirad, S., Bayat, A.R. (2018). Effects of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Oils on Nutrients Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Growth Performance of Brown Swiss Neonatal Calves. Iranian J. of Appl. Anim. Sci., 8.
- Eibl C., Bexiga R., Viora L., Guyot H., Félix J., Wilms J., Tichy A., Hund A. (2021). The antibiotic treatment of calf diarrhea in four European countries: A survey. Antibiotics, 10: 910.
- Fajdek-Bieda A., Pawlińska J., Wróblewska A., Łuś A. (2024). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Geraniol and selected Geraniol transformation products against Gram-positive bacteria. Molecules, 29: 950.
- Falleh H., Jemaa M.B., Saada M., Ksouri R. (2020). Essential oils: A promising eco-friendly food preservative. Food Chem., 330: 127268.
- Gleason C.B., Beckett L.M., White R.R. (2022). Rumen fermentation and epithelial gene expression responses to diet ingredients designed to differ in ruminally degradable protein and fiber supplies. Sci. Rep., 12: 2933.
- Godden S. (2008). Colostrum management for dairy calves. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 24: 19–39.
- Goh N., House J., Rowe S. (2024). Retrospective cohort study investigating the relationship between diarrhea during the preweaning period and subsequent survival, health, and production in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 107: 9752–9761.
- Górka P., Kowalski Z. M., Zabielski R., Guilloteau P. (2018). Invited review: Use of butyrate to promote gastrointestinal tract development in calves. J. Dairy Sci., 101: 4785–4800.
- Grazul M., Kwiatkowski P., Hartman K., Kilanowicz A., Sienkiewicz M. (2023). How to naturally support the immune system in inflammation—Essential oils as immune boosters. Biomedicines, 11: 2381.
- Gunasena M.T., Rafi A., Mohd Zobir S.A., Hussein M.Z., Ali A., Kutawa A.B., Wahab M.A.B., Sulaiman M.R., Adzmi F., Ahmad K. (2022). Phytochemicals profiling, antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of essential oil extracted from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe cv. Bentong) against Burkholderia glumae causative agent of bacterial panicle blight disease of rice. Plants, 11: 1466.
- Haro-González J.N., Castillo-Herrera G.A., Martínez-Velázquez M., Espinosa-Andrews H. (2021). Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health. Molecules, 26: 6387.
- Heisler G., Fischer V., de Paris M., Angelo I.D.V., Panazzolo D.M., Zanela M.B. (2020). Effect of green tea and oregano extracts fed to preweaned Jersey calves on behavior and health status. J. Vet. Behav., 37: 36–40.
- Hernández-García P.A., Orzuna-Orzuna J.F., Godina-Rodríguez J.E., Chay-Canul A.J., Silva G.V. (2024). A meta-analysis of essential oils as a dietary additive for weaned piglets: Growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and intestinal morphology. Res. Vet. Sci., 170: 105181.
- Hordofa D., Abunna F., Megersa B., Abebe R. (2021). Incidence of morbidity and mortality in calves from birth to six months of age and associated risk factors on dairy farms in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7.
- Huang J., Yang L., Zou Y., Luo S., Wang X., Liang Y., Du Y., Feng R., Wei, Q. (2021). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of three isomeric terpineols of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaf oil. Folia Microbiol., 66: 59–67.
- Hur T.Y., Jung Y.H., Choe C.Y., Cho YI., Kang S.J., Lee H.J., Ki K.S., Baek K.S., Suh G.H. (2013). The dairy calf mortality: The causes of calf death during ten years at a large dairy farm in Korea. Korean J. Vet. Res., 53: 103–108.
- Jahani-Azizabadi H., Baraz H., Bagheri N., Ghaffari M.H. (2022). Effects of a mixture of phytobiotic-rich herbal extracts on growth performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and bacterial population of dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci., 105: 5062–5073.
- Kačániová M., Čmiková N., Vukovic N. L., Verešová A., Bianchi A., Garzoli S., Saad R.B., Hsouna A.B., Ban Z., Vukic M. D. (2024). Citrus limon essential oil: Chemical composition and selected biological properties focusing on the antimicrobial (in vitro, in situ), antibiofilm, insecticidal activity and preservative effect against Salmonella enterica inoculated in carrot. Plants, 13: 524.
- Kachur K., Suntres Z. (2020). The antibacterial properties of phenolic isomers, carvacrol and thymol. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 60: 3042–3053.
- Kar S., Gupta, P., Gupta, J. (2018). Essential oils: Biological activity beyond aromatherapy. Nat. Prod. Sci., 24: 139–147.
- Kara K., Pirci G., Yilmaz Öztaş S., Demir S., Yilmaz K. (2025). Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) oil on pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, rumen metagenomic profile, rumen fluid variables and performance in calves. Vet. Res. Commun., 49: 1–16.
- Kara K., Pirci G. (2024). Immunity, rumen metagenomics, ruminal variables, and growth performance of calves fed milk with sage (Salvia officinalis) essential oil. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 56: 27.
- Katiyar D., Bansal P., Kumar A., Prakash S., Rao N.R. (2022). Mechanistic elucidations of sesquiterpenes ameliorating viral infections: a review. J. Food Biochem., 46: e14452.
- Katsoulos P.D., Dedousi A., Karatzia M.A., Katsogiannou E., Athanasiou L. (2022). Oregano essential oil administration diminishes the imbalances of certain serum biochemical parameters in diarrheic calves. Large Anim. Rev., 28: 117–122.
- Katsoulos P.D., Karatzia M.A., Dovas C.I., Filioussis G., Papadopoulos E., Kiossis E., Arsenopoulos K., Papadopoulos T., Boscos C., Karatzias H. (2017). Evaluation of the in-field efficacy of oregano essential oil administration on the control of neonatal diarrhea syndrome in calves. Res. Vet. Sci., 115: 478–483.
- Kaur K., Singh S., Kaur R. (2024). Impact of antibiotic usage in food-producing animals on food safety and possible antibiotic alternatives. The Microbe, 100097.
- Khwaza V., Aderibigbe B.A. (2025). Antibacterial Activity of Selected Essential Oil Components and Their Derivatives: A Review. Antibiotics, 14: 68.
- Kolenda R., Burdukiewicz M., Schierack P. (2015). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of pathogenic Escherichia coli of calves and the role of calves as reservoirs for human pathogenic E. coli. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 5: 23.
- Kowalczyk A., Przychodna M., Sopata S., Bodalska A., Fecka I. (2020). Thymol and thyme essential oil—new insights into selected therapeutic applications. Molecules, 25: 4125.
- Li S., Wang C., Zeng H., Han Z. (2024). Effects of different combinations of antibacterial compound supplements in calf pellets on growth performance, health, blood parameters, and rumen microbiome of dairy calves. Front. Vet. Sci., 11: 1376758.
- Liang J., Zhang Y., Chi P., Liu H., Jing Z., Cao H., Du Y., Zhao Y., Qin X., Zhang W., Kong D. (2023). Essential oils: Chemical constituents, potential neuropharmacological effects and aromatherapy—a review. Pharm. Res.-Mod. Chinese Med., 6: 100210.
- Liu T., Chen H., Bai Y., Wu J., Cheng S., He B., Casper D.P. (2020). Calf starter containing a blend of essential oils and prebiotics affects the growth performance of Holstein calves. J. Dairy Sci., 103: 2315–2323.
- Lopez A.J., Heinrichs A.J. (2022). Invited review: The importance of colostrum in the newborn dairy calf. J. Dairy Sci., 105: 2733–2749.
- Man A., Santacroce L., Iacob R., Mare A., Man L. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of six essential oils against a group of human pathogens: A comparative study. Pathogens, 8: 15.
- Manyi-Loh C., Mamphweli S., Meyer E., Okoh A. (2018). Antibiotic use in agriculture and its consequential resistance in environmental sources: potential public health implications. Molecules, 23: 795.
- Masyita A., Sari R.M., Astuti A.D., Yasir B., Rumata N.R., Emran T.B., Simal-Gandara J. (2022). Terpenes and terpenoids as main bioactive compounds of essential oils, their roles in human health and potential application as natural food preservatives. Food Chem. X, 13: 100217.
- McIntosh F.M., Williams P., Losa R., Wallace R.J., Beeve D.A., Newbold C.J. (2003). Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69: 5011–5014.
- Mehidi I.N., Ait Ouazzou A., Tachoua W., Hosni K. (2024). Investigating the antimicrobial properties of essential oil constituents and their mode of action. Molecules, 29: 4119.
- Mieres-Castro D., Ahmar S., Shabbir R., Mora-Poblete F. (2021). Antiviral activities of eucalyptus essential oils: their effectiveness as therapeutic targets against human viruses. Pharmaceutics, 14: 1210.
- Miguel M.G. (2010). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils: a short review. Molecules, 15: 9252-9287.
- Mo T., Os A. (2017). Plant essential oil: An alternative to emerging multidrug-resistant pathogens. J. Microbiol. Exp., 5: 1–10.
- Mohammed H.A., Sulaiman G.M., Khan R.A., Al-Saffar A.Z., Mohsin M.H., Albukhaty, S., Ismail, A. (2024). Essential oils pharmacological activity: chemical markers, biogenesis, plant sources, and commercial products. Process Biochem..
- Movahedi F., Nirmal N., Wang P., Jin H., Grøndahl L., Li L. (2024). Recent advances in essential oils and their nanoformulations for poultry feed. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 15: 110.
- Mucha W., Witkowska, D. (2021). The applicability of essential oils in different stages of production of animal-based foods. Molecules, 26: 3798.
- Murphy, J.M., Hagey, J.V., Chigerwe, M. (2014). Comparison of serum immunoglobulin G half-life in dairy calves fed colostrum, colostrum replacer or administered with intravenous bovine plasma. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 158: 233-237.
- National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMT). (2008). Dairy 2007. Part II: Changes in the U.S. dairy cattle industry, 1991-2007. Fort Collins: National Animal Health Monitoring System.
- Nguyen T.L., Ora A., Häkkinen S.T., Ritala A., Räisänen R., Kallioinen-Mänttäri M., Melin K. (2024). Innovative extraction technologies of bioactive compounds from plant by-products for textile colorants and antimicrobial agents. Biomass Convers. Biorefinery, 14: 24973-25002.
- Nora L., Giacomelli C.M., Deolindo G.L., Molosse V.L., Copetti P.M., Bissacotti B.F., Morsch V.M., da Silva A.S. (2024). Inclusion of essential oils in a calf milk replacer and their effects on growth performance and the immune and oxidative systems. Comp. Clin. Pathol., 33: 327-335.
- Ozdemir V.F., Yanar M. (2024). Effects of propolis extract administration on immune parameters, faecal consistency scores, and growth performance of Holstein–Friesian calves. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 56: 259.
- Pandey V.K., Tripathi A., Srivastava S., Dar A.H., Singh R., Farooqui A., Pandey, S. (2023). Exploiting the bioactive properties of essential oils and their potential applications in food industry. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 37: 885-902.
- Pereira R.B., Rahali F.Z., Nehme R., Falleh H., Jemaa M.B., Sellami I.H., Ksouri R., Bouhallab S., Ceciliani F., Abdennebi-Najar L., Pereira, D.M. (2023). Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils from Tunisian aromatic and medicinal plants and their major constituents in THP-1 macrophages. Food Res. Int., 167: 112678.
- Papada, E. (2025). The effects of terpenes on metabolism: a comprehensive review on recent updates. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 28: 323-329.
- Peterfalvi A., Miko E., Nagy T., Reger B., Simon D., Miseta A., Czeh B., Szereday L. (2019). Much more than a pleasant scent: A review on essential oils supporting the immune system. Molecules, 24: 4530.
- Pîrlițeanu M., Miron R.M., Bosioc F., Bosioc P., Tulcan C., Nicolin A.L. (2020). Inhibitory activity of essential oils on Escherichia coli. Res. J. Agric. Sci., 52.
- Poudel P., Froehlich K., Casper D.P., St-Pierre B. (2019). Feeding essential oils to neonatal Holstein dairy calves results in increased ruminal Prevotellaceae abundance and propionate concentrations. Microorganisms, 7: 120.
- Reddy P.R.K., Elghandour M.M.M.Y., Salem A.Z.M., Yasaswini D., Reddy P.P.R., Reddy A.N., Hyder I. (2020). Plant secondary metabolites as feed additives in calves for antimicrobial stewardship. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 264: 114469.
- Ritt L. A., Orso C., Silveira A.K., Frazzon J., de Vargas D.P., Wagner R., de Oliviera F.C., Nörnberg J.L., Fischer V. (2023). Oregano extract fed to pre-weaned dairy calves. Part 1: Effects on intake, digestibility, body weight, and rumen and intestinal bacteria microbiota. Livest. Sci., 269: 105165.
- Roland L., Drillich M., Klein-Jöbstl D., Iwersen M. (2016). Invited review: Influence of climatic conditions on the development, performance, and health of calves. J. Dairy Sci., 99: 2438-2452.
- Salakhutdinov N.F., Volcho K.P., Yarovaya O.I. (2017). Monoterpenes as a renewable source of biologically active compounds. Pure Appl. Chem., 89: 1105-1117.
- Sandner G., Heckmann M., Weghuber J. (2020). Immunomodulatory activities of selected essential oils. Biomolecules, 10: 1139.
- Santos F.H. da R., De Paula M.R., Lezier D., Silva J.T. da, dos Santos G., Bittar C.M.M. (2015). Essential oils for dairy calves: effects on performance, scours, rumen fermentation and intestinal fauna. Animal, 9: 958–965.
- Schinwald M., Creutzinger K., Keunen A., Winder C.B., Haley D., Renaud D.L. (2022). Predictors of diarrhea, mortality, and weight gain in male dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci., 105: 5296-5309.
- Sedó S.U., Winder C.B., Renaud D.L. (2023). Graduate Student Literature Review: The problem of calf mortality on dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci., 106: 7164-7176.
- Selvi M.H., Tapki İ. (2019). The effects of oregano oil (Origanum onites L.) on the growth performance and some blood parameters of Holstein Friesian calves. KSU J. Agric. Nat., 22: 935-941. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.547528
- Sharafzadeh S., Alizadeh O. (2011). German and Roman chamomile. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 01-05.
- Siddiqui T., Khan M.U., Sharma V., Gupta K. (2024). Terpenoids in essential oils: Chemistry, classification, and potential impact on human health and industry. Phytomedicine Plus, 4: 100549.
- Soliman S.S., Alsaadi A.I., Youssef E.G., Khitrov G., Noreddin A.M., Husseiny M.I., Ibrahim A.S. (2017). Calli essential oils synergize with lawsone against multidrug resistant pathogens. Molecules, 22: 2223.
- Soltan M.A. (2009). Effect of essential oils supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, health condition of Holstein male calves during pre-and post-weaning periods. Pak. J. Nutr., 8: 642-652.
- Subudhi L., Thatoi H., Banerjee A. (2025). Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil from medicinal plants: An insight into molecular mechanism, in-silico studies and signaling pathways. Phytomedicine, 156364.
- Tapki I., Ozalpaydin H.B., Tapki N., Aslan M., Selvi M.H. (2020). Effects of oregano essential oil on reduction of weaning age and increasing economic efficiency in Holstein Friesian calves. Pak. J. Zool., 52: 745-752.
- Ulanowska M., Olas B. (2021). Biological properties and prospects for the application of eugenol—a review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22: 3671.
- Urie N.J., Lombard J.E., Shivley C.B., Kopral C.A., Adams A.E., Earleywine T.J., Olson J.D., Garry F.B. (2018). Preweaned heifer management on US dairy operations: Part V. Factors associated with morbidity and mortality in preweaned dairy heifer calves. J. Dairy Sci., 101: 9229-9244.
- Urrutia, N.L., Harvatine, K.J. (2017) Acetate dose-dependently stimulates milk fat synthesis in lactating dairy cows. J. Nutr., 147: 763-769.
- Verma R.S., Padalia R.C., Chauhan A., Upadhyay R.K., Singh V.R. (2020). Productivity and essential oil composition of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) harvested at different growth stages under the subtropical region of north India. J. Essent. Oil Res., 32: 144-149.
- Voon C.H., Bhat R., Rusul G. (2012). Flower extracts and their essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents for food uses and pharmaceutical applications. Compre. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety, 11: 34–55.
- Wang S., Cui D., Lv Y. Yan Z., Zhang J. (2022). CANGPU oral liquid as a possible alternative to antibiotics for the control of undifferentiated calf diarrhea. Front. Vet. Sci., 9: 879857.
- Wang, G.Y., Qin, S.L., Zheng, Y.N., Geng, H.J., Chen, L., Yao, J.H., Deng, L. (2023) Propionate promotes gluconeogenesis by regulating mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in calf hepatocytes. Anim. Nutr., 15: 88-98.
- Yilmaz E., Gul M. (2024). Effects of essential oils on heat‐stressed poultry: A review. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 108: 1481-1497.
- Zamuner C.F.C., Marin V.R., Dilarri G., Hypolito G.B., Sass D.C., Ferreira H. (2023). Oregano essential oil and its main components Thymol and Carvacrol as alternatives to control citrus canker. Front. Agron., 5: 1148969.
- Żukowska G., Durczyńska Z. (2024). Properties and applications of essential oils: A review. J. Ecol. Eng., 25.
- Zuzarte M., Sousa C., Alves-Silva J., Salgueiro L. (2024). Plant monoterpenes and essential oils as potential anti-ageing agents: Insights from preclinical data. Biomedicines, 12: 365.