References
- Abd El-Hamid M.I., Ibrahim S.M., Eldemery F., El-Mandrawy S.A., Metwally A.S., Khalifa E., Elnahriry S.S., Ibrahim D. (2021). Dietary cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion boosts growth and transcriptomes of antioxidant and immune related genes to fight Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 113: 96–105.
- Abdelwahab A.M., El-Bahr S.M. (2012). Influence of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) and turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) mixture on performance and serum biochemistry of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer. World J. Fish Mar. Sci., 4: 496–503.
- Acar Ü., Kesbiç O.S., Yılmaz S., Gültepe N., Ali Türker A. (2015). Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Aquaculture, 437: 282–286.
- Adawi D., Ahrné S., Molin G. (2001). Effects of different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on bacterial trans-location and liver injury in an acute liver injury model. Inter. J. Food. Microbiol., 70: 213–220.
- Adeoye A.A., Jaramillo-Torres A., Fox S.W., Merrifield D.L., Davies S.J. (2016). Supplementation of formulated diets for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with selected exogenous enzymes: Overall performance and effects on intestinal histology and microbiota. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 215: 133–143.
- Ahmadifar E., Yousefi M., Karimi M., Fadaei Raieni R., Dadar M., Yilmaz S., Dawood M.A., Abdel-Latif H.M. (2021). Benefits of dietary polyphenols and polyphenol-rich additives to aquatic animal health: an overview. Rev. Fisher. Sci. Aquac., 29: 478–511.
- Ahmadifar E., Eslami M., Kalhor N., Zaretabar A., Mohammadzadeh S., Moghadam M.S., Yousefi M., Ahmadifar M., Hoseinifar S.H., Pusadee T., van Doan H. (2022). Effect of a diet enriched with sodium propionate on growth performance, antioxidant property, innate-adaptive immune response, and growth-related genes expression in critically endangered beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 125: 101–108.
- Akrami R., Gharaei A., Mansour M.R., Galeshi A. (2015). Effects of dietary onion (Allium cepa) powder on growth, innate immune response and hemato-biochemical parameters of beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754) juvenile. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 45: 828–834.
- Al-Harbi A.H., Uddin N. (2004). Bacterial diversity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in brackish water in Saudi Arabia. Aquaculture, 250: 566–572.
- Ali G.I., Abeer E.K.M., El-Shenway A.M.N. (2020). Using of some phytobiotics and probiotics as promotors to cultured Nile Tilapia. Inter. J. Fishe. Aquat. Stud., 8: 148–159.
- Ali M.M., Elashry M.A., Mohammady E.Y., Soaudy M.R., El-Garhy H.S., El-Erian M.A., Mustafa A., Abouelsoud M., Hassaan M.S. (2023). Dietary alpha-monolaurin for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Stimulatory effects on growth, immunohemato-logical indices, and immune-related gene expressions. Aquac. Res., 3155447.
- Amer S.A., Metwally A.E., Ahmed S.A.A.A. (2018). The influence of dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde and thymol on the growth performance, immunity and antioxidant status of monosex Nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus). Egypt. J. Aquat. Res., 44: 251–256.
- AOAC (1995). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association Official Analytical Chemists, Vol. 1, 16th ed., Cunni P.A. (ed.). AOAC International, Arlington, USA, p. 1298.
- Azaza M.S., Dhraief M.N., Kraiem M.M., Baras E. (2010). Influences of food particle size on growth, size heterogeneity, food intake and gastric evacuation in juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, L., 1758. Aquaculture, 309: 193–202.
- Baker M.E. (1998). Albumin’s role in steroid hormone action and the origins of vertebrates: is albumin an essential protein?. Febs Lett., 439: 9–12.
- Banerjee G., Nandi A., Ray A.K. (2017). Assessment of hemolytic activity, enzyme production and bacteriocin characterization of Bacillus subtilis LR1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Arch. Microb., 199: 115–124.
- Bernfeld P. (1951). Amylases α and β. In: Methods in Enzymology, Colowick P., Kaplan N.O. (eds), New York, NY: Academic Press, pp. 149–157.
- Bolasina S., Perez A., Yamashita Y. (2006). Digestive enzymes activity during ontogenetic development and effect of starvation in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture, 252: 503–515.
- Boyd C.E. (1990). Water quality in ponds for aquaculture. Alabama Agriculture. Exper. Station. Auburn Univ. Alaba.
- Castex M., Lemaire P., Wabete N., Chim L. (2009). Effect of dietary probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici on antioxidant defences and oxidative stress status of shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris. Aquaculture, 294: 306–313.
- Cho S., Choi Y., Park S., Park T. (2012). Carvacrol prevents diet-induced obesity by modulating gene expressions involved in adipo-genesis and inflammation in mice fed with high-fat diet. J. Nutr. Biochem., 23: 192–201.
- Coles E.H. (1974). Plasma proteins. In: Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2nd edition. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, pp. 558–560.
- Dawood M.A., Koshio S., Ishikawa M., Yokoyama S. (2015). Effects of heat killed Lactobacillus plantarum (LP20) supplemental diets on growth performance, stress resistance and immune response of red sea bream, Pagrus major. Aquaculture, 442: 29–36.
- Dawood M.A.O., Koshio S., Abdel-Daim A.M., Doan H.V. (2019). Probiotic application for sustainable aquaculture. Rev. Aquac., 11: 907–924.
- Diao H., Zheng P., Yu B., He J., Mao X., Yu J., Chen D. (2015). Effects of benzoic acid and thymol on growth performance and gut characteristics of weaned piglets. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 28: 827.
- Duncan M.B. (1955). Multiple ranges and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11: 1–42.
- El-Rhman A.M.A., Khattab Y.A., Shalaby A.M. (2009). Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas species as probiotics for promoting the growth performance and health of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 27: 175–180.
- Fadl S., Fadel E.M., El-Habashi N.M., Shehab El-Din M.T. (2013). Some studies on Pediococcus acidilactici as a feed additive in tilapia fingerlings. Egypt. J. Nutr. Feeds, 16: 375–388.
- Ferguson R.M.W., Merrifield D.L., Harper G.M., Rawling M.D., Mustafa S., Picchietti S., Balcázar J.L., Davies S.J. (2010). The effect of Pediococcus acidilactici on the gut microbiota and immune status of on-growing red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J. Appl. Microbiol., 109: 851–862.
- Furné M., García-Gallego M., Hidalgo M.C., Morales A.E., Domezain A., Domezain J., Sanz A. (2008). Effect of starvation and refeeding on digestive enzyme activities in sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 149: 420–425.
- Ghafarifarsani H., Hoseinifar S.H., Javahery S., Yazici M., Van Doan H. (2022). Growth performance, biochemical parameters, and digestive enzymes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed experimental diets supplemented with vitamin C, thyme essential oil, and quercetin. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 21: 291–302.
- Giannenas I., Triantafillou E., Stavrakakis S., Margaroni M., Mavridis S., Steiner T., Karagouni E. (2012). Assessment of dietary supplementation with carvacrol or thymol containing feed additives on performance, intestinal microbiota and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 350: 26–32.
- Giri S.S., Sukumaran V., Oviya M. (2013). Potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum VSG3 improves the growth, immunity, and disease resistance of tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 34: 660–666.
- Giustarini D., Dalle-Donne I., Milzani A., Fanti P., Rossi R. (2013). Analysis of GSH and GSSG after derivatization with N-ethylmaleimide. Nat. Protocols, 8: 1660–1669.
- Gültepe N., Kesbiç O.S., Acar Ü, Gökkuş K., Gültepe M.I., Sönmez A.Y., Bilen S., Seyit Aydın S. (2015). Effects of prebiotic mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) on histology and biochemical blood parameters of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Israeli J. Aquac. Bamid., 67: 072–076.
- Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M. (1990). Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview. Meth. Enzymol., 186: 1–85.
- Hala M.F.E.D., Ebtisam I.G., Sanaa M.A.B., Gad A.S., Marwa M.E.S. (2012). Total phenolic compounds, radical scavenging and ferric reducting activity of low fat UF-soft cheese supplemented with thyme extract. J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8: 2335–2341.
- Hamdan A., El-Sayed A., Mahmoud M. (2016). Effects of a novel marine probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum AH 78, on growth performance and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J. Appl. Microbiol., 120: 1061–1073.
- Hassaan M.S., Soltan M.A., Ghonemy M.M.R. (2014). Influence of probiotic and prebiotic on growth, feed utilization, hematological and biochemical indices of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Egypt. J. Aquatic Res., 39: 205–213.
- Hassaan M.S., Soltan M.A., Jarmołowicz S., Abdo H.S. (2018). Combined effects of dietary malic acid and Bacillus subtilis on growth, gut microbiota and blood parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquac. Nutr., 24: 83–93.
- Hassaan M.S., El-Sayed A.M.I., Mohammady E.Y., Zaki M.A., Elkhyat M.M., Jarmołowicz S., El-Haroun E.R. (2021 a). Eubiotic effect of a dietary potassium diformate (KDF) and probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) on growth, hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidant status and intestinal functional topography of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed diet free fishmeal. Aquaculture, 533: 736147.
- Hassaan M.S., Mohammady E.Y., Soaudy M. R., Elashry M. A., Moustafa M.M.A., Wasel M.A., El-Garhy H.A.S., El-Haroun E.R., Elsaied H.E. (2021 b). Synergistic effects of Bacillus pumilus and exogenous protease on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth, gut microbes, immune response and gene expression fed plant protein diet. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 275: 114892.
- Hassaan M.S., Mohammady E.Y., Soaudy M.R., Sabae S.A., Mahmoud A.M.A., El-Haroun E.R. (2021 c). Comparative study on the effect of dietary β-carotene and phycocyanin extracted from Spirulina platensis on immune-oxidative stress biomarkers, genes expression and intestinal enzymes, serum biochemical in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish. Shellfish Immunol., 108: 63–72.
- Hrubec T.C., Cardinal J.L., Smith S.A. (2000). Haematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid). Vet. Clin. Pathol., 29: 7–12.
- Hu J., Ran C., He S., Cao Y., Yao B., Ye Y., Zhang X., Zhou Z. (2016). Dietary microbial phytase exerts mixed effects on the gut health of tilapia: a possible reason for the null effect on growth promotion. Brit. J. Nutr., 115: 1958–1966.
- Ibrahim D., Kishawy A.T., Khater S.I., Khalifa E., Ismail T.A., Mohammed H.A., Elnahriry S.S., Tolba H.A., Sherief W.R., Farag M.F., Abd El-Hamid M.I. (2021 a). Interactive effects of dietary quercetin nanoparticles on growth, flesh antioxidant capacity and transcription of cytokines and Aeromonas hydrophila quorum sensing orchestrating genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 119: 478–489.
- Ibrahim D., Abdelfattah-Hassan A., Badawi M., Ismail T.A., Bendary M.M., Abdelaziz A.M., Mosbah R.A., Mohamed D.I., Arisha A.H., El-Hamid M.I.A. (2021 b). Thymol nanoemulsion promoted broiler chicken’s growth, gastrointestinal barrier and bacterial community and conferred protection against Salmonella Typhimurium. Sci. Rep., 11: 7742.
- Ibrahim D., Ismail T.A., Khalifa E., Abd El-Kader S.A., Mohamed D.I., Mohamed D.T., Shahin S.E., Abd El-Hamid M.I. (2022). Supplementing garlic nanohydrogel optimized growth, gastrointestinal integrity and economics and ameliorated necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens using a Clostridium perfringens challenge model. Animals, 11: 2027.
- Jagruthi C., Yogeshwari G., Anbazahan S.M., Mari L.S.S., Arockiaraj J., Mariappan P., Sudhakar G.R.L., Balasundaram C., Harikrishnan R. (2014). Effect of dietary astaxanthin against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 41: 674–680.
- Jha R., Berrocoso J.F. (2016). Dietary fiber and protein fermentation in the intestine of swine and their interactive effects on gut health and on the environment: a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 212: 18–26.
- Jiang T.T., Feng L., Liu Y., Jiang W.D., Jiang J., Li S.H., Tang L., Kuang S.Y., Zhou S.Y. (2014). Effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation in plant protein-enriched diets on growth performance, intestinal enzyme activities and microflora of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpo var. Jian). Aqua. Nutr., 20: 632–645.
- Ju S., Ge Y., Li P., Tian X., Wang H., Zheng X., Ju S. (2018). Dietary quercetin ameliorates experimental colitis in mouse by remodeling the function of colonic macrophages via a heme oxygenase-1-dependent pathway. Cell Cycle, 17: 53–63.
- Khalil S.R., Abd Elhakim Y., Abd El-Fattah A.H., Farag M.R., Abd El-Hameed N.E., El-Murr A.E. (2020). Dual immunological and oxidative responses in Oreochromis niloticus fish exposed to lambda cyhalothrin and concurrently fed with Thyme powder (Thymus vulgaris L.): Stress and immune encoding gene expression. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 100: 208–218.
- Khondoker S., Hossain M.M.M., Hasan-Uj-Jaman M., Alam M.E., Zaman M.F.U., Tabassum N. (2016). Effect of Nigella sativa (black cumin seed) to enhance the immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Pseudomonas fluorescens. Am. J. Life Sci., 4: 87.
- Latif M., Faheem M., Asmatullah H., Doan S.H., Van H. (2021). Dietary black seed effects on growth performance, proximate composition, antioxidant and histo-biochemical parameters of a culturable fish, rohu (Labeo rohita). Animals, 11: 48.
- Li M.Y., Zhu X.M., Niu X.T., Chen X.M., Tian J.X., Kong Y.D., Zhang D.M., Zhao L. Wang G.Q. (2019). Effects of dietary Allium mongolicum Regel polysaccharide on growth, lipopolysaccharide induced antioxidant responses and immune responses in Channa argus. Mol. Biol. Rep., 46: 2221–2230.
- Lin M.Y., Chang F.J. (2000). Antioxidative effect of intestinal bacteria Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15708 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. Digest. Diseas. Sci., 45: 1617–1622.
- Magouz F.I., Amer A.A., Faisal A., Sewilam H., Aboelenin S.M., Da-wood M.A.O. (2022). The effects of dietary oregano essential oil on the growth performance, intestinal health, immune, and anti-oxidative responses of Nile tilapia under acute heat stress. Aqua-culture, 548: 73763.
- Martins M.L., Nomura D.T., Myiazaki D.M.Y., Pilarsky F., Ribeiro K., de Castro M.P., de Campos C.F.M. (2004). Physiological and haematological response of Oreochromis niloticus (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) exposed to single and consecutive stress of capture. Acta Scient. Anim. Sci., 26: 449–456.
- Mehdinejad N., Imanpour M.R., Jafari V. (2019). Combined or individual effects of dietary probiotic, Pediococcus acidilactici and nucleotide on reproductive performance in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Prob. Antimicrob. Protein, 11: 233–238.
- Merrifield D.L., Dimitroglou A., Foey A., Davies S.J., Baker R.T., Bøgwald J., Caste M., Ringø E. (2010 a). The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture, 302: 1–18.
- Merrifield D.L., Bradley G., Baker R.T.M., Davies S.J. (2010 b). Pro-biotic applications for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) II. Effects on growth performance, feed utilisation, intestinal microbiota and related health criteria post antibiotic treatment. Aquacult. Nutr., 16: 496–503.
- Mohammady E.Y., Soaudy M.R., Mohamed A.M., EL-Erian M.M.A., Fara A., Badr A.M.M., Bassuony N.I., Ragaza J.A., El-Haroun E.R., Hassaan M.S. (2022). Can dietary phytogenic mixture improve performance for growth, digestive enzyme activity, blood parameters, and antioxidant and related gene expressions of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus? Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 290: 115369.
- Mohammady E.Y., Soaudy M.R., Ali M.M., El-Ashry M.A., Abd El-Karim M.S., Jarmołowicz S., Hassaan M.S. (2023 a). Response of Nile tilapia under biofloc system to floating or sinking feed and feeding rates: Water quality, plankton community, growth, intestinal enzymes, serum biochemical and antioxidant status. Aquacult. Rep., 29: 101489.
- Mohammady E.Y., Aboseif A.M., Soaudy M.R., Ramadan E. A., Hassaan M.S. (2023 b). Appraisal of fermented wheat bran by Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth, feed utilization, blood indices, intestinal and liver histology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 575: 739755.
- Moin V.M. (1986). A simple and specific method for determining glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes. Lab Delo., 12: 724–727.
- Muqier S.Q., Wang T., Chen R.W., Wang C.F., Ao C.J. (2017). Effects of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel on growth performance and growth-related hormones in meat sheep. Anim. Nutr., 3: 33–38.
- Padma V.V., Lalitha G., Shirony N.P., Baskaran R. (2012). Effect of quercetin against lindane induced alterations in the serum and hepatic tissue lipids in Wistar rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 2: 910–915.
- Pereira S.A., Oliveira H.M., Jesus G.F.A., Addam K.G.S., Silva B.C., Yamashita M.M., Mouriño J.L.P. (2018). Can the minerals calcium and sodium, chelated to propionic acid, influence the health and zootechnical parameters of native silver catfish Rhamdia quelen? Aquaculture, 496: 88–95.
- Pereira S.A., Jesus G.F.A., Cardoso L., Silva B.C., Ferrarezi J.V.S., Ferreira T.H., Mouriño J.L.P. (2019). The intestinal health of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen can be changed by organic acid salts, independent of the chelating minerals. Aquaculture, 30: 118–126.
- Peskin A.V., Winterbourn C.C. (2000). A microtiter plate assay for su-peroxide dismutase using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1). Clini. Chim. Acta, 293: 157–166.
- Qureshi A.A., Reis J.C., Qureshi N., Papasian C.J., Morrison D.C., Schaefer D.M. (2011). δ-Tocotrienol and quercetin reduce serum levels of nitric oxide and lipid parameters in female chickens. Lipids Health Dis., 10: 39–52.
- Ray A.K., Ghosh K., Ringo E. (2012). Enzyme-producing bacteria isolated from fish gut: a review. Aquac. Nutr., 18: 465–492.
- Reitman S., Frankel S. (1957). Colorimetric determination of glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. J. Clin. Pathol., 28: 56–59.
- Ridha M.T., Azad I.S. (2012). Preliminary evaluation of growth performance and immune response of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus supplemented with two putative probiotic bacteria. Aquac. Res., 43: 843–852.
- Saleh R.S., Mohammady E.Y., El-Haroun E., Hassaan M.S. (2022). Dietary dried periphyton can improve growth, digestive enzyme, serum biochemical, antioxidant response and intestinal morpho-metric of Nile tilapia. Aquac. Res., 53: 6463–6477.
- Sankar H., Philip B., Philip R., Singh I. (2017). Effect of probiotics on digestive enzyme activities and growth of cichlids, Etroplus suratensis (pearl spot) and Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia). Aquac. Nutr., 23: 852–864.
- SAS (1993). SAS Procedure Guide version 6.12 Ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
- Shabbir U., Rubab M., Daliri E.B.M., Chelliah R., Javed A., Oh D.H. (2021). Curcumin, quercetin, catechins and metabolic diseases: the role of gut microbiota. Nutrients, 13: 206.
- Shan S., Xiao Z., Huang W., Dou S. (2008). Effect of photoperiod on growth, mortality and digestive enzymes in miiuy croaker larvae and juveniles. Aquaculture, 281: 70–76.
- Sharawy Z.Z., Thiele R., Abbas E.M., El-Magd M.A., Hassaan M.S., Peter C., Slater M.J. (2017). Antioxidant response and body composition of whiteleg shrimp co-cultured with Nile tilapia in recirculating aquaculture. Aquac. Environ. Interact., 9: 257–268.
- Soltan N.M., Soaudy M.R., Abdella M.M., Hassaan M.S. (2023). Partial dietary fishmeal replacement with mixture of plant protein sources supplemented with exogenous enzymes modify growth performance, digestibility, intestinal morphology, haemato-biochemical and immune responses for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 299: 115642.
- Sönmez A.Y., Bilen S., Alak G., Hisar O., Yanık T., Biswas G. (2015). Growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed diets supplemented with sage, mint and thyme oils. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 41: 165–175.
- Taheri-Mirghaed A., Hoseini S.M., Hoseinifar S.H., Van Doan H. (2020). Effects of dietary thyme (Zataria multiflora) extract on antioxidant and immunological responses and immune-related gene expression of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 106: 502–509.
- Terzi F., Demirci B., Acar U., Yüksel S., Salum C., Erol H.S., Kesbiç O.S. (2023). Dietary effect of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract mitigates hepatic disorders caused by oxidized fish oil in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiol. Biochem., 49: 441–454.
- Valladão G.M.R., Gallani S.U., Kotzent S., Assane I.M., Pilarski F. (2019). Effects of dietary thyme essential oil on hemato-immunological indices, intestinal morphology, and microbiota of Nile tilapia. Aquacult. Int., 27: 399–411.
- Wang E., Chen X., Wang K., Wang J., Chen D., Geng Y., Lai W., Wei X. (2016). Plant polysaccharides used as immunostimulants enhance innate immune response and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 59: 196–202.
- Wassef E.A., Wahbi O.M., Saqr E.M., Saleh N.E. (2016). Response of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to canola oil diets: effect on growth performance, fish health and liver and intestine histomorphology. Aquac. Inter., 24: 1073–1088.
- Wen Z.P., Zhou X.Q., Feng L., Jiang J., Liu Y. (2009). Effect of dietary pantothenic acid supplement on growth, body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Aquac. Nutr., 15: 470–476.
- Xie J., Wang W., Dong C., Huang L., Xie M. (2018). Protective effect of flavonoids from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. Int. J. Publ. Br. Ind. Biol. Res. Assoc., 119: 392–399.
- Youssef M.K.E., Youssef H.M.K.E., Mousa R.M.A. (2014). Evaluation of antihyperlipidemic activity of citrus peels powders fortified biscuits in albino induced hyperlipidemia. Food Public. Health., 4: 1–9.
- Yousefi M., Hoseini S.M., Vatnikov Y.A., Nikishov A.A., Kulikov E.V. (2018). Thymol as a new anesthetic in common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Efficacy and physiological effects in comparison with eugenol. Aquaculture, 495: 376–383.
- Zamani A., Hajimoradloo A., Madani R., Farhangi M. (2009). Assessment of digestive enzymes activity during the fry development of the endangered Caspian brown trout Salmo caspius. J. Fish Biol., 75: 932–937.
- Zargar A., Rahimi-Afzal Z., Soltani E., Taheri Mirghaed A., Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi H.A., Soltani M., Yuosefi P. (2019). Growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed Thymus vulgaris essential oils. Aquacult. Res., 50: 3097–3106.
- Zhao Y., Liu J., Hao W., Zhu H., Liang N., He Z., Chen Z.Y. (2017). Structure-specific effects of short-chain fatty acids on plasma cholesterol concentration in male Syrian hamsters. J. Agric. Food Chem., 65: 10984–10992.
- Zheng Z.L., Tan J.Y.W., Liu H.Y., Zhou X.H., Xiang X., Wang K.Y. (2009). Evaluation of oregano essential oil (Origanum heracleoticum L.) on growth, antioxidant effect and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 292: 214–218.
- Zhou C.P., Lin H., Ge X.P., Niu J., Wang J., Chen L., Huang Z., Yu W., Tan X. (2015). The effects of dietary soybean isoflavones on growth, innate immune responses, hepatic antioxidant abilities and disease resistance of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 43: 158–166.