Have a personal or library account? Click to login

Cell-Based Meat Labeling – Current Worldwide Legislation Status – A Review

Open Access
|Nov 2023

References

  1. ADAS (2015). Strategy support for the Post-Market Monitoring (PMM) of GM plants: Review of existing PMM strategies developed for the safety assessment of human and animal health. EFSA Supporting Publications, 12:1. https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.EN-739
  2. AMPS Innovation (2022). A Guide To Terminology. https://ampsinnovation.org/resourcAMPSes/a-guide-to-terminology/ Access date: 23.05.2022
  3. Asioli D., Bazzani C., Nayga R.M. (2021). Are consumers willing to pay for in-vitro meat? An investigation of naming effects. J. Agr. Econ., https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12467
  4. Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code.
  5. Bryant C.J., Barnett J.C. (2019). What’s in a name? Consumer perceptions of in vitro meat under different names. Appetite, 137: 104–113.
  6. Campden BRI (2021). Comparing international approaches to food safety regulation of GM and Novel Foods. Food Standards Agency. 215 pp. https://doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.rdg239
  7. Cardello A.V., Schutz, H.G., Lesher L.L. (2007). Consumer perceptions of foods processed by innovative and emerging technologies: A conjoint analytic study. Innov. Food. Sci. Emerg. Technol., 8: 73–83.
  8. CellAgri (2020). Singapore Gives Regulatory Approval for Eat Just’s Cell-Based Chicken. CellAgri.
  9. CFIA (2020 a). Government of Canada launches consultation on guidelines for simulated meat and poultry products. https://www.canada.ca/en/food-inspection-agency/news/2020/11/government-of-canada-launches-consultation-on-guidelines-for-simulated-meat-and-poultry-products.html
  10. CFIA (2020 b). Proposed guidelines for simulated meat and simulated poultry products. https://inspection.canada.ca/about-cfia/transparency/consultations-andengagement/proposed-changes/proposedguidelines/eng/1603133676944/1603133677429
  11. Choudhury D., Tseng T.W., Swartz E. (2020). The business of cultured meat. Trends Biotechnol., 38: 573–577.
  12. Chriki S., Hocquette J.F. (2020). The myth of cultured meat: a review. Front. Nutr., 7.
  13. Clark M.A., Springmann M., Hill J., Tilman D. (2019). Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods. Proc. National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116: 23357–23362.
  14. Code of federal regulations 9, Chapter 3 – Food Safety and Inspection Service, Department of Agriculture, Section 301.2. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2011-title9-vol2/CFR-2011-title9-vol2-sec301-2.
  15. Commission Directive 2001/101/EC of 26 November 2001 amending Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs.
  16. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/456 of 19 March 2018 on the procedural steps of the consultation process for determination of novel food status in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council on novel foods.
  17. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1772 of 26 November 2020 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2469 laying down administrative and scientific requirements for applications referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council on novel foods.
  18. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2470 of 20 December 2017 establishing the Union list of novel foods in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council on novel foods.
  19. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1852/2001 of 20 September 2001 laying down detailed rules for making certain information available to the public and for the protection of information submitted pursuant to European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 258/97.
  20. Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Protocols Annexes to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Declarations annexed to the Final Act of the Intergovernmental Conference which adopted the Treaty of Lisbon, signed on 13 December 2007 Tables of equivalences.
  21. Danley S. (2021). Cell-based meat faces a major challenge in regulatory approval. FoodBusinessNews. https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/19084-cell-based-meat-faces-a-major-challenge-in-regulatory-approval
  22. Della Corte V., Del Gaudio G., Sep, F., Nevola G. (2021). Kosher meat and production issues: A bibliometric analysis. Trends. Food. Sci. Technol., 116: 749–754.
  23. Derbes E. (2021). As cultivated meat moves closer to market globally, many countries are actively establishing regulatory approval pathways. Good Food Institute., https://gfi.org/blog/cultivated-meat-regulation-2021/
  24. Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs.
  25. Dopelt K., Radon P., Davidovitch N. (2019). Environmental effects of the livestock industry: The relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among students in Israel. IJERPH, 16.
  26. EFSA (2011). Guidance on the post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) of genetically modified plants. EFSA J., 9.
  27. EFSA (2021). Administrative guidance for the preparation of applications on novel foods pursuant to Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. Wiley Online Library.
  28. Enrolled Act 48, 65th Leg., Gen. Sess. (Wyo. 2019).
  29. European Commission (2018). Recipe for change: An agenda for a climate-smart and sustainable food system for a healthy Europe: Report of the FOOD 2030 Expert Group. EC.
  30. European Commission (2021). Legislation. What is the current Novel Food legislation? European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/novel-food/legislation_en
  31. European Parliament (2019 a). Answer given by Mr Andriukaitis on behalf of the European Commission for question E-001992/2019. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2019-001992-ASW_EN.html
  32. European Parliament (2019 b). Question for written answer E-001992-19 to the Commission Rule 130, Nicola Caputo (S&D). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2019-001992_EN.html
  33. Faustman C., Hamernik O., Loopes M., Zinn S.A. (2020). Cell-based meat: the need to assess holistically. J. Anim. Sci., 98: 1–7.
  34. FDA (2019). Formal agreement between FDA and USDA regarding oversight of human food produced using animal cell technology derived from cell lines of USDA-amenable Species. https://www.fda.gov/food/domestic-interagency-agreements-food/formal-agreement-between-fda-and-usda-regarding-oversight-human-food-produced-using-animal-cell
  35. Ferrer B., Green E. (2021). Global regulatory policies for cell-based meat spotlighted by Good Food Institute. https://www.foodingredientsfirst.com/news/global-regulatory-policies-for-cell-based-meat-spotlighted-by-good-food-institute.html
  36. Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870).
  37. Foote N. (2020). Cultured Meat Could Be on the EU Market “as Early as 2022”. https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/news/cultured-meat-could-be-on-the-eu-market-as-early-as-2022/
  38. FSA (2020). Novel foods authorisation guidance. Food Standards Agency.
  39. FSANZ (2019). Application Handbook. Food Standards Australia New Zealand.
  40. FSANZ (2022). Cell based meat. Food Standards. https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/generalissues/Pages/Cell-based-meat.aspx
  41. Garrison G.L., Biermacher J.T., Brorsen B.W. (2022). How much will large-scale production of cell-cultured meat cost? J. Agric. Res., 10: 100358.
  42. Geltor (2020). Geltor Raises $91.3M in Series B Funding to Make Animal-Free Collagen. https://www.cell.ag/blog/geltor-raises-91m-series-b-funding-to-make-animal-free-collagen
  43. Gerhardt C., Warschun M., Donnan D., Ziemßen F. (2022). When consumers go vegan, how much meat will be left on the table for agri-business? https://www.kearney.com/consumer-retail/article/?/a/when-consumers-go-vegan-how-much-meat-will-be-left-on-the-table-for-agribusiness
  44. Gravely E., Fraser E. (2018). Transitions on the shopping floor: Investigating the role of Canadian supermarkets in alternative protein consumption. Appetite, 130: 146–156.
  45. Gross T. (2021). Novel food regulation in Israel – from directive to regulation. https://www.gsap.co.il/novel-food-regulation-in-israel-from-directive-to-regulation/#Labeling-of-Engineered-Food
  46. Grossmann L., Weiss J. (2021). Alternative protein sources as techno-functional food ingredients. Annu. Rev. Food. Sci. Technol., 12: 93–117.
  47. H.B. 1407, 92d Ark. Gen. Assemb., Reg. Sess. (Ark. 2019) (the statute named “An Act to Require Truth in Labeling of Agricultural Products that Are Edible by Humans and for Other Purposes”).
  48. Hepburn P., Howlett J., Boeing H., Cockburn A., Constable A., Davi A., de Jong N., Moseley B., Oberdörfer R., Robertson C., Wal J.M., Samuels F. (2008). The application of post-market monitoring to novel foods. FCT., 46: 9–33.
  49. Heredia N., García S. (2018). Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: A review. Anim. Nutr., 4: 250–255.
  50. Hilborn R., Banobi J., Hall S.J., Pucylowski T., Walsworth T.E. (2018). The environmental cost of animal source foods. Front. Ecol. Environ., 16: 329–335.
  51. Howie M. (2016). Cultured meat could help save the environment. https://www.fishersci.com/us/en/scientific-products/publications/lab-reporter/2016/issue-1/cultured-meat-could-help-save-environment.html
  52. Joo S.T., Choi J.S., Hur S.J., Kim G.D., Kim C.J., Lee E.Y., Bakhsh A.,
  53. Hwang Y.H. (2022). A comparative study on the taste characteristics of satellite cell cultured meat derived from chicken and cattle muscles. Food Sci. Anim. Res., 42: 175–185.
  54. Kamalapuram S.K., Handral H., Choudhury D. (2021). Cultured meat prospects for a billion! Foods, 10: 2922.
  55. Kenigsberg J.A., Zivotofsky A.Z. (2020). A Jewish religious perspective on cellular agriculture. Front. Sust. Food Syst., 3: 1–6.
  56. Lavars N. (2021). World’s first lab-grown-meat factory opens in Israel. https://newatlas.com/science/worlds-first-industrial-lab-grown-meat-facility-israel/
  57. Leck A., Jun L.R. (2021). Singapore: Singapore Food Agency releases updated guidance regarding the safety assessment requirements of novel foods https://www.globalcompliancenews.com/2021/01/18/singapore-singapore-food-agency-releases-updated-guidance-regarding-the-safety-assessment-requirements-of-novel-foods28122020/
  58. Lee K., Loh H., Wan A.C.A. (2022). Systems for muscle cell differentiation : from bioengineering to future food. Micromachines, 13: 1–20.
  59. Legis. B. 14, 106th Leg., 1st Sess. (Neb. 2019).
  60. Liphshiz C. (2020). ‘World’s 1st Lab-Grown Meat Restaurant’ Opens In Tel Aviv Suburb. https://www.timesofisrael.com/worlds-1stlab-grown-meat-restaurant-opens-in-tel-aviv-suburb/
  61. Lockley K. (2021). World’s First Lab-Grown Meat Factory Opens in Israel. https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/worlds-first-labgrown-meat-factory-opens-in-israel/news-story/e9eb-182f3a162984f5b3f2f5deb57ec4
  62. Martini D., Menozzi D. (2021). Food labeling: analysis, understanding, and perception. Nutrients, 13: 268.
  63. Miller H.I., Kerschen D.L. (2015). Concerns about Federal GMO Food Legislation. Regulation, 201: 2–3.
  64. MO Rev Stat § 265.494 (2019).
  65. Morrison O. (2021). UK start-up predicts lab-grown sausages on shelves by 2023 after technology ´breakthrough’. https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2021/05/19/UK-start-up-predicts-lab-grown-sausages-on-shelves-by-2023-after-technology-breakthrough
  66. Ong S., Choudhury D., Naing M. (2020). Cell-based meat: Current ambiguities with nomenclature. Trends. Food. Sci. Technol., 102: 223–231.
  67. Pokharel S., Shrestha P., Adhikari B. (2020). Antimicrobial use in food animals and human health: time to implement ‘One Health’ approach. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control., 9.
  68. Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 1997 concerning novel foods and novel food ingredients.
  69. Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on novel foods, amending Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1852/2001.
  70. Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin.
  71. Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, amending Regulations (EC) No 1924/2006 and (EC) No 1925/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Commission Directive 87/250/EEC, Council Directive 90/496/EEC, Commission Directive 1999/10/EC, Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Directives 2002/67/EC and 2008/5/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 608/2004.
  72. Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety.
  73. Ridler G. (2021). Slaughter-free meat to hit plates by 2023, Claims Ivy Farm, https://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Article/2021/05/17/Slaughter-free-meat-to-hit-plates-by-2023-claims-Ivy-Farm
  74. Rubio N., Xiang N., Kaplan D. (2020). Plant-based and cell-based approaches to meat production. Nature Communications, 11.
  75. Sachs A., Kettenmann S. (2019). A burger by any other name: regulatory challenges and opportunities for cell-cultured meat. Scitech Lawyer, 15: 18–23.
  76. S.B. 2922, 2019 Leg., Reg. Sess. (Miss. 2019).
  77. S.B. 463, 2019 Wis. Leg., Gen. Sess. (Wis. 2019).
  78. SFA (2021). Requirements for the Safety Assessment of Novel Foods and Novel Food Ingredients. https://www.sfa.gov.sg/docs/default-source/food-import-and-export/Requirements-on-safety-assessment-of-novel-foods_26Sep.pdf
  79. SFA (2022). Safety of Alternative Protein. https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-information/risk-at-a-glance/safety-of-alternative-protein
  80. Short S., Strauss B., Lotfian P. (2021). Emerging technologies that will impact on the UK food system. FSA: University of Cambridge. 167 pp.
  81. Smit L.A.M., Heederik D. (2017). Impacts of intensive livestock production on human health in densely populated regions. Geo-Health, 1: 272–277.
  82. Stephens N. (2021). Join our team, change the world: edibility, producibility and food futures in cultured meat company recruitment videos. Food. Cult. Soc., 25: 1–17.
  83. Stephens N., Di Silvio L., Dunsford I., Ellis M., Glencross A., Sexton A. (2018). Bringing cultured meat to market: Technical, socio-political, and regulatory challenges in cellular agriculture. Trends. Food. Sci. Technol., 78: 155–166.
  84. Tai S. (2020). Legalizing the meaning of meat. Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, 51: 743.
  85. Tan A. (2020). Singapore first in world to approve lab-grown meat for sale. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/worlds-first-cell-cultured-chicken-likely-to-be-at-restaurants-in-singapore
  86. The Regulatory Institute (2020). Cultured Meat: How to Regulate Alternatives to Farmed Meat. https://www.howtoregulate.org/cell-cultured-meat-regulation/
  87. Thumbi S.M., Njenga M.K., Marsh T.L., Noh S., Otiang E., Munyua P., Ochieng L., Ogola E., Yoder J., Audi A., Montgomery J.M., Bigogo G., Breiman R.F., Palmer G.H., McElwain T.F. (2015). Linking human health and livestock health: A “one-health” platform for integrated analysis of human health, livestock health, and economic welfare in livestock dependent communities. PLoS ONE, 10(3).
  88. Turck D., Bresson J., Burlingame B., Dean T., Fairweather-Tait S., Heinonen M., Hirsch-Ernst K.I., Mangelsdorf I., McArdle H. (2016). Guidance on the preparation and presentation of an application for authorisation of a novel food in the context of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J., 14: e04594.
  89. United States Code 21, Chapter 12 – Meat Inspection, Section 601 et seq. https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title21/chapter12&edition=prelim
  90. USDA (2021). USDA Seeks Comments on the Labeling of Meat and Poultry Products Derived from Animal Cells. https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2021/09/02/usda-seeks-comments-labeling-meat-and-poultry-products-derived
  91. Va. Code Ann. § 3.2-5400 (2019).
  92. Watson E. (2021). Cultivated meat, cell-cultured meat, cell-based meat? USDA seeks to nail down nomenclature as products get closer to market in the US. https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2021/09/03/Cultivated-meat-cell-cultured-meat-cell-based-meat-USDA-seeks-comment-on-labeling-of-cell-cultured-meat-and-poultry
  93. Wilks M., Phillips C.J.C. (2017). Attitudes to in vitro meat: A survey of potential consumers in the United States. PLoS ONE, 12(2), 1–14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0092 | Journal eISSN: 2300-8733 | Journal ISSN: 1642-3402
Language: English
Page range: 927 - 938
Submitted on: Sep 30, 2022
Accepted on: Dec 5, 2022
Published on: Nov 13, 2023
Published by: National Research Institute of Animal Production
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2023 Tomáš Vlčko, Krzysztof Bokwa, Iwo Jarosz, Andrzej Szymkowiak, Jozef Golian, Marcin Antoniak, Piotr Kulawik, published by National Research Institute of Animal Production
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.