Abstract
Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis represents an initial management strategy for decreasing the risk of urinary tract infections in children with vesicoureteral reflux. A significant number of cases resolve spontaneously in time, reason for which continuous antibiotic prophylaxis is not required in every patient with this disorder. It is mandatory to select the patients who need continuous antibiotic prophylaxis according to their risk group. We do not have a lot of scientific evidences about what is better or not for these patients, but the main objective for the case management is to maintain the renal function, by minimizing the risk of pyelonephritis, renal scars and its consequences such as hypertension or renal failure. The selection of these patients who do not require continuous antibiotic prophylaxis is difficult, and the prophylaxis remains the safest method in most of the cases. To take the best decisions for our patients, it is important to consider the last published guidelines and studies.