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Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to Improve the Cutting of S355J2C+N Steel Cover

Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to Improve the Cutting of S355J2C+N Steel

Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Volume 19 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)
By: Aneta JAKUBUS,  Joanna KOSTRZEWA,  Marcin JASIŃSKI,  Bartłomiej Wik and  Maciej NADOLSKI  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

An attempt to cut out samples from S355J2C+N steel using the manufacturer's parameters: a) surface view, b) underside view
An attempt to cut out samples from S355J2C+N steel using the manufacturer's parameters: a) surface view, b) underside view

Fig. 2.

Example of surface topography obtained at the following settings: focal length 0.2 mm; feed rate 28 mm/s and peak power 3600 W (see Table 1 column 1, sample number 3)
Example of surface topography obtained at the following settings: focal length 0.2 mm; feed rate 28 mm/s and peak power 3600 W (see Table 1 column 1, sample number 3)

Fig. 3.

Photographs of the lateral surface of the cut specimen according to the parameters marked in Table 2, Column 1, as: a) Sample 1, b) Sample 2.
Photographs of the lateral surface of the cut specimen according to the parameters marked in Table 2, Column 1, as: a) Sample 1, b) Sample 2.

Fig. 4.

Photographs of the lateral surface of the cut specimen according to the parameters marked in Table 2, Column 1, as: a) Sample 5, b) Sample 6, c) Sample 7, d) Sample 8
Photographs of the lateral surface of the cut specimen according to the parameters marked in Table 2, Column 1, as: a) Sample 5, b) Sample 6, c) Sample 7, d) Sample 8

Fig. 5.

Pareto chart and diagnostic plots of the EPS production model.(a) Pareto chart of standardized effects, (b) Normal probability plot of residuals, (c) Predicted vs actual values.
Pareto chart and diagnostic plots of the EPS production model.(a) Pareto chart of standardized effects, (b) Normal probability plot of residuals, (c) Predicted vs actual values.

Fig. 6.

Influence of control factors on surface roughness Rc: a) Feed and focal speed; (b) Peak and focal power; (c) Peak power and feed speed
Influence of control factors on surface roughness Rc: a) Feed and focal speed; (b) Peak and focal power; (c) Peak power and feed speed

Fig. 7.

SEM photographs of the upper part of the cut surface. with visible cracks in the material, a) sample number 8; b) sample number 6 (see table 1)
SEM photographs of the upper part of the cut surface. with visible cracks in the material, a) sample number 8; b) sample number 6 (see table 1)

Fig. 8.

Response Optimizer ramp chart for Rc: optimal settings focus = 0.30 mm, speed = 28.0 mm/s, peak power = 4000 W; predicted minimum Rc = 35.24 μm with desirability D=0.996
Response Optimizer ramp chart for Rc: optimal settings focus = 0.30 mm, speed = 28.0 mm/s, peak power = 4000 W; predicted minimum Rc = 35.24 μm with desirability D=0.996

Cutting parameters used

Steel S355J2C+N Laser Settings
Focus [mm]Speed [mm/s]Peak Power [W]Mount Rc
X1X2X3YY’
123456
10.225.334360045.8245.65
20.225.334400061.5661.73
30.228360055.0155.18
40.228400043.0042.84
50.325.334360058.4158.58
60.325.334400079.7079.53
70.328360042.8842.71
80.328400035.0735.24

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results for the influence of cutting parameters on Rc

Source1DF2Adj SS3Adj MS4F-Value5P-Value6
Model61393.79232.2981039.100.024
Linear3655.54218.513977.440.024
Focal length [mm]114.1814.17663.410.080
Feed speed [mm/s]1604.34604.3372703.270.012
Peak power [W]137.0337.026165.620.049
2-Way Interaction3738.25246.0831100.760.022
Focal length [mm]* Feed speed [mm/s]1322.51322.5121442.640.017
Focal length [mm]*Peak power [W]111.8711.86853.090.087
Feed speed [mm/s]*Peak power [W]1403.87403.8671806.550.015
Error10.220.224
Total71394.01

Chemical composition and minimum mechanical properties of S355J2C+N steel [20]

Maximum element content, %
CMnSiPSN
0.221.50.550.0350.035-
Minimal mechanical properties
ReH MPaRm MPaA %
35549020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2025-0068 | Journal eISSN: 2300-5319 | Journal ISSN: 1898-4088
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Language: English
Page range: 605 - 610
Submitted on: Mar 9, 2025
Accepted on: Oct 7, 2025
Published on: Dec 19, 2025
Published by: Bialystok University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
laser cutting,
response surface methodology (RSM),
process optimization,
structural steel
Related subjects:
Engineering,
Electrical engineering,
Electronics,
Mechanical engineering,
Mechanics,
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering,
Biomechanics,
Civil engineering,
Environmental engineering

© 2025 Aneta JAKUBUS, Joanna KOSTRZEWA, Marcin JASIŃSKI, Bartłomiej Wik, Maciej NADOLSKI, published by Bialystok University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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