Fig.1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig.4.

j_ama-2025-0060_utab_001
| Φ(τ) | E [Φ(τ)] = T(o) |
|---|---|
| 1 | o2 |
| τ | o3 |
| τn | n! on+2 |
| eaτ | |
| sin a τ | |
| cos a τ |
The comparison of the exact and approximate solutions yields the numerical result for example (2)
| ζ | τ | υ | κ = 0.85 | κ = 0.9 | κ = 0.95 | Exact | Error | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1.08213 | 1.08712 | 1.09107 | 1.11628 | 0.0252107 | |||
| 0.64104 | 0.643995 | 0.646332 | 0.661266 | 0.0149344 | ||||
| K(υ, ζ, τ) | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.379742 | 0.381493 | 0.382877 | 0.391724 | 0.00884693 | |
| 0.224954 | 0.225991 | 0.226811 | 0.232051 | 0.00524079 |
The comparison of the exact and approximate solutions yields the numerical result for example (1)
| τ | υ | κ = 0.85 | κ = 0.9 | κ = 0.95 | Exact | Error | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0. | 0. | 0. | 0. | 0. | ||
| 0.489578 | 0.491835 | 0.493619 | 0.495025 | 0.00140562 | |||
| P(υ, τ) | 0.01 | 0.847973 | 0.851883 | 0.854974 | 0.857408 | 0.00243461 | |
| 0.979155 | 0.98367 | 0.987239 | 0.99005 | 0.00281124 |