References
- Aggeletopoulou I, Triantos C. Microbiome shifts and their impact on gut physiology in irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Mol Sci., 2024 Nov; 25(22):12395 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212395
- Almonajjed MB, Wardeh M, Atlagh A, Ismaiel A, Popa SL, Rusu F, Dumitrascu DL. Impact of Microbiota on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Pathogenesis and Management: A Narrative Review. Medicina (Kaunas), 2025 Jan; 61:109 https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61010109
- Ankersen DV, Weimers P. Long-Term Effects of a Web-Based Low-FODMAP Diet Versus Probiotic Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Including Shotgun Analyses of Microbiota: Randomized, Double-Crossover Clinical Trial. J. Med. Internet Res., 2021 Dec; 23:e30291 https://doi.org/10.2196/30291
- Baj A, Moro E, Bistoletti M, Orlandi V, Crema F, Giaroni C. Gluta-matergic signaling along the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Int J Mol Sci., 2019 Mar; 20:1482 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061482
- Brenner DM, Ladewski AM, Kinsinger SW. Development and Current State of Digital Therapeutics for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2024 Feb; 22:222-234 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cgh.2023.09.013
- Cammarota G, Ianiro G, et al. International consensus conference on stool banking for faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut., 2019 Dec; 68:2111-2121 https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319548
- Campaniello D, Bevilacqua A, Speranza B, Racioppo A, Sinigaglia M, Corbo MR. A narrative review on the use of probiotics in several diseases. Evidence and perspectives. Front Nutr., 2023 Jul; 10:10:1209238 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1209238
- Canavan C, West J, Card T. The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Epidemiol., 2014 Feb; 4:71-80 https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S40245
- Cheng X, Ren C, Mei X, Jiang Y, Zhou Y. Gut microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome: status and prospect. Front. Med., 2024 Oct; 11:1429133 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1429133
- Chey WD, Keefer L, Whelan K, Gibson PR. Behavioral and Diet Therapies in Integrated Care for Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2021 Jan; 160:47-62 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.099
- Chong PP, Chin VK, Looi CY, Wong WF, Madhavan P, Yong VC. The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy. Front Microbiol., 2019 Jun; 10:1136. Erratum in: Front Microbiol., 10: 1870 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01136
- D’Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Colucci R, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L, Bernardini N. Intestinal epithelial barrier and neuromuscular compartment in health and disease. World J Gastroenterol., 2020 Apr; 26:1564-1579 https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26. i14.1564
- Edogawa S & Grover M, et al. Serine proteases as luminal mediators of intestinal barrier dysfunction and symptom severity in IBS. Gut., 2020 Jan; 69:62-73 https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317416
- Ek WE Reznichenko A, et al. Exploring the genetics of irritable bowel syndrome: A GWA study in the general population and replication in multinational case-control cohorts. Gut, 2015 Nov; 64:1774–1782 https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307997
- El-Salhy M, Hatlebakk JG, Gilja OH, Bråthen Kristoffersen A, Hausken T. Efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation for patients with irritable bowel syndrome in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gut., 2020 May; 69:859-867 https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319630
- Fukui H, Nishida A. Usefulness of Machine Learning-Based Gut Microbiome Analysis for Identifying Patients with Irritable Bowels Syndrome. J. Clin. Med., 2020 Jul; 9:2403 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082403
- Fuochi V, Furneri PM. Applications of Probiotics and Their Potential Health Benefits. International Journal of Molecular Sciences., 2023 Nov; 24:15915 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115915
- Halkjær SI, Christensen AH, Lo BZS, Browne PD, Günther S, Hansen LH, Petersen AM. Faecal microbiota transplantation alters gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: results from a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Gut., 2018 Dec; 67(12):2107-2115 https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316434
- Halkjær SI, Lo B, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol., 2023 May 28; 29(20):3185- 3202. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v29.i20.3185
- Hammerle CW, Surawicz CM. Updates on treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol., 2008 May 7;14(17):2639- 49 https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.2639
- Holvoet T, De Looze D et al. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reduces Symptoms in Some Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Predominant Abdominal Bloating: Short- and Long-term Results From a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. Gastroenterology., 2021 Jan; 160(1):145-157.e8 https://doi.org/10.1053/j. gastro.2020.07.013
- Hungin AP, Chang L, Locke GR, Dennis EH, Barghout V. Irritable bowel syndrome in the United States: prevalence, symptom patterns and impact. Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 2005 Jun; 21(11):1365- 75 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02463.x
- Jacobs JP & Lagishetty V et al. Multi-omics profiles of the intestinal microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome and its bowel habit subtypes. Microbiome, 2023 Jan 10; 11(1):5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-022-01450-5
- Johnsen PH, Hilpüsch F, Cavanagh JP, Leikanger IS, Kolstad C, Valle PC, Goll R. Faecal microbiota transplantation versus placebo for moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2018 Jan; 3(1):17-24 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30338-2
- Lacy BE, Weiser K, De Lee R. The treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Therap Adv Gastroenterol., 2009 Jul; 2(4):221-38 https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X09104794
- Li X, Li X, Xiao H, Xu J, He J, Xiao C, Zhang B, Cao M, Hong W. Meta-analysis of gut microbiota alterations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Front. Microbio., 2024 Dec 24; 15:1492349. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1492349
- Li ZY, Zhang N, Wen S, Zhang J, Sun XL, Fan XM, Sun YH. Decreased glucagon-like peptide-1 correlates with abdominal pain in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2017 Sep; 41(4):459-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2016.12.007
- Lovell RM & Ford AC. Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2012 Jul; 10(7):712-721.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cgh.2012.02.029
- Luzzi A, Briata IM, Di Napoli I, Giugliano S, Di Sabatino A, Rescig-no M, Cena H. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics to adolescents in metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr., 2024 Jun; 43(6):1433-1446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.032
- Maftei NM, Raileanu CR, Balta AA, Ambrose L, Boev M, Marin DB, Lisa EL. The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties. Microorganisms., 2024 Jan 23; 12(2):234. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020234
- Mamieva Z, Poluektova E, Svistushkin V, Sobolev V, Shifrin O, Guarner F, Ivashkin V. Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and irritable bowel syndrome: What are the relations? World J Gastroenterol., 2022 Mar 28; 28(12):1204-1219. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28. i12.1204
- Mars RAT & Yang Y et al. Longitudinal Multi-omics Reveals Subset-Specific Mechanisms Underlying Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Cell, 2020 Sep 17; 182(6):1460-1473.e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cell.2020.08.007
- Martyniak A, Medyńska-Przęczek A, Wędrychowicz A, Skoczeń S, Tomasik PJ. Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics, Paraprobiotics and Postbiotic Compounds in IBD. Biomolecules, 2021 Dec 18; 11(12):1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11121903
- Menees S, Chey W. The gut microbiome and irritable bowel syndrome. F1000Res., 2018 Jul; 9:7:F1000 Faculty Rev-1029. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14592.1
- Meydan C. & Afshinnekoo E. et al. Improved gastrointestinal health for irritable bowel syndrome with metagenome-guided interventions. Precis. Clin. Med., 2020 Jun; 3(2):136-146. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa013
- Nishida A, Inoue R, Inatomi O, Bamba S, Naito Y, Andoh A. Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin J Gastroenterol., 2018 Feb; 11(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12328-017-0813-5
- Oka P, Parr H, Barberio B., Black C.J., Savarino E.V., Ford A.C. Global prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome III or IV criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2020 Oct; 5(10):908-917. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30217-X
- Palsson OS & Yang Y. et al. Development and Validation of the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for Adults. Gastroenterology, 2016 Feb; 13:S0016-5085(16)00180-3. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.014
- Pittayanon R, Lau JT, Yuan Y, Leontiadis GI, Tse F, Surette M, Moayyedi P. Gut Microbiota in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A Systematic Review. Gastroenterology, 2019 Jul; 157(1):97- 108. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.049
- Qiao X, Zhang H, Shan L. Probiotic interventions and quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal diseases: A comprehensive review. Adv Clin Exp Med., 2025 Apr; 34(4):641-658. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/188108
- Ranjha M, MAN, Shafique B, Batool M, Kowalczewski PŁ, Shehzad Q, Usman M, Manzoor MF, Zahra SM, Yaqub S, Aadil RM. Nutritional and Health Potential of Probiotics: A Review. Applied Sciences, 2021; 11(23),11204. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311204
- Rijkers GT, de Vos WM, Brummer RJ, Morelli L, Corthier G, Marteau P. Health benefits and health claims of probiotics: bridging science and marketing. British Journal of Nutrition., 2011 Nov; 106(9):1291-6. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451100287X
- Ruiz-Sánchez C, Escudero-López B, Fernández-Pachón MS. Evaluation of the efficacy of probiotics as treatment in irritable bowel syndrome. Endocrinol. Diabetes Nutr., 2024 Jan; 71(1):19-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endien.2024.01.003
- Sainsbury A, Ford AC. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: beyond fiber and antispasmodic agents. Therap Adv Gastroenterol., 2011 Mar; 4(2):115-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X10387203
- Shaikh SD, Sun N, Canakis A, Park WY, Weber HC. Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Gut Microbiome: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med. 2023 Mar 28; 12(7):2558. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072558
- Shrestha B, Patel D, Shah H, Hanna KS, Kaur H, Alazzeh MS, Thandavaram A, Channar A., Purohit A., Venugopal S. The Role of Gut-Microbiota in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 2022 Aug 16; 14(8):e28064. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28064
- Sperber AD, Bangdiwala SI, et al. Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study. Gastroenterology, 2021 Jan; 160(1):99- 114.e3. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.014
- Surdea-Blaga T, Ciobanu L, Ismaiel A, Dumitrascu DL. Microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome: advances in the field – A scoping review. Microb Health Dis, 2024 Aug; 6:e1017. https://doi.org/10.26355/mhd_20248_1017.
- Staudacher HM, Black CJ, Teasdale SB, Mikocka-Walus A, Keefer L. Irritable bowel syndrome and mental health comorbidity - approach to multidisciplinary management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Sep; 20(9):582-596. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575- 023-00794-z
- Talley NJ. Evaluation of drug treatment in irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Clin Pharmacol., 2003 Oct; 56(4):362-9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01966.x
- Umeano L, Iftikhar S, Alhaddad SF, Paulsingh CN, Riaz MF, Garg G, Mohammed L. Effectiveness of probiotic use in alleviating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review. Cureus, 2024 Apr 15; 16(4):e58306. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.58306
- Wall GC, Bryant GA, Bottenberg MM, Maki ED, Miesner AR. Irritable bowel syndrome: a concise review of current treatment concepts. World J Gastroenterol., 2014 Jul 21; 20(27):8796-806. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i27.8796
- Zeichner D. Coping with IBS from the Inside Out: Relaxation Techniques to Manage Symptoms. San Diego, CA (USA): The International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders; 2005. https://iffgd.org/resources/publication-library/coping-with-ibs-from-the-inside-out-relaxation-techniques-to-manage-symptoms/