Figure1.

Akkermansia muciniphila is positively associated with improved metabolic profiles, enhanced mucosal immunity, and a robust epithelial barrier_
Mechanism | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mucin degradation + mucus stimulation | Promotes goblet cell proliferation and maintains mucus thickness | Si et al. (2022) |
Barrier reinforcement | Enhances tight junctions (ZO1, occludin, claudins), and TER ↑ | |
Immune modulation | ↓ proinflammatory cytokines, ↑ IL-10, and ↑ Tregs |