Figure1.
Akkermansia muciniphila is positively associated with improved metabolic profiles, enhanced mucosal immunity, and a robust epithelial barrier_
| Mechanism | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mucin degradation + mucus stimulation | Promotes goblet cell proliferation and maintains mucus thickness | Si et al. (2022) |
| Barrier reinforcement | Enhances tight junctions (ZO1, occludin, claudins), and TER ↑ | |
| Immune modulation | ↓ proinflammatory cytokines, ↑ IL-10, and ↑ Tregs |