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Narlx Two-Component Signaling System as a Key Mechanism of Bacterial Adaptation Cover

Narlx Two-Component Signaling System as a Key Mechanism of Bacterial Adaptation

By: Klaudia Musiał and  Dawid Gmiter  
Open Access
|Jul 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

The general mechanism of action of two-component regulatory systems.
The general mechanism of action of two-component regulatory systems.

Figure 2.

The general mechanism of action nar nitrate reductase and nitrate/nitrite antiporter NarK.
The general mechanism of action nar nitrate reductase and nitrate/nitrite antiporter NarK.

Figure 3.

Comparative nitrogen metabolism pathways in E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
This schematic illustrates the assimilation and dissimilation of nitrogen pathways in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The rectangles colour-coded according to the bacteria indicate the enzymes involved in the processes. Orange represents those present in E. coli, while green indicates enzymes found in P. aeruginosa. Those shared by both organisms are shown as split-coloured boxes.
Comparative nitrogen metabolism pathways in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. This schematic illustrates the assimilation and dissimilation of nitrogen pathways in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The rectangles colour-coded according to the bacteria indicate the enzymes involved in the processes. Orange represents those present in E. coli, while green indicates enzymes found in P. aeruginosa. Those shared by both organisms are shown as split-coloured boxes.

NarXL-regulated operons in E_ coli associated with anaerobic metabolism and response to the presence of nitrate_

GenesRegulationFunctionSource
adhERepressionBifunctional aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase(Membrillo-Hernández and Lin 1999)
aspARepressionAspartate ammonia-lyase(Goh et al. 2005)
caiFRepressionTranscriptional activatory protein(Eichler et al. 1996)
dcuB-fumBRepressionAnaerobic C4-dicarboxylate transporter/Fumarate hydratase class I, anaerobic(Golby et al. 1998)
dcuSRRepressionTCS responding to external C4-dicarboxylates(Goh et al. 2005)
dmsABCRepressionDMSO/TMAO reductase, anaerobic(Bearson et al. 2002)
fdnGHIActivationFormate dehydrogenase-N(Li et al. 1994)
focA-pflBARepressionFormate channel/pyruvate-formate lyase(Kaiser and Sawers 1995)
frdABCDRepressionFumarate reductase(Li et al. 1994)
hyaABCDEFRepressionHydrogenase 1(Richard et al. 1999)
hybOABCDEFGRepressionHydrogenase-2(Richard et al. 1999)
napFDAGHBCRepressionPeriplasmic nitrate reductase(Stewart et al. 2003)
nirBActivationNitrite reductase (NADH) large subunit(Tyson et al. 1994)
nrfABCDEFGActivationFormate-dependent nitrate reductase(Tyson et al. 1994)
nuoABCEFGH-IJKLMNActivationRespiratory complex I(Bongaerts et al. 1995)
yeaR-yoaGActivationUnknown(Lin et al. 2007)
ynfEFGHIRepressionPutative dimethyl sulfoxide reductase chain(Xu et al. 2009)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/am-2025-0006 | Journal eISSN: 2545-3149 | Journal ISSN: 0079-4252
Language: English, Polish
Page range: 63 - 73
Submitted on: Feb 24, 2025
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Accepted on: May 28, 2025
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Published on: Jul 8, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Klaudia Musiał, Dawid Gmiter, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.