Fig. 1.
Giardia treatment and possible resistance proteins summary
| Giardia |
|---|
| Commonly used compounds for treatment |
| MTZ, ALB orTNZ |
| Possible proteins involved in resistance |
| ALB: ROD domain of the β-tubulin and ABC-C1 |
| Available human vaccine |
| No human vaccine is available |
Toxoplasma treatment and possible resistance proteins summary
| Toxoplasma |
|---|
| Commonly used compounds for treatment |
|
| Proteins involved in resistance |
| AQ: Toxoplasma cyt-bc1 |
| Available human vaccine |
| No human vaccine is available |
Entamoeba treatment and possible resistance proteins summary
| Entamoeba |
|---|
| Commonly used compounds for treatment |
| MTZ or TNZ |
| Proteins involved in resistance |
| No clear evidence yet |
| Available human vaccine |
| No human vaccine is available |
Leishmania treatment and possible resistance proteins summary
| Leishmania |
|---|
| Compounds usually used for treatment |
| Sbv, AMB, PMD, FLZ or MT |
| Possible proteins involved in resistance |
|
| Available human vaccine |
| No human vaccine is available |
Plasmodium species treatment and possible resistance proteins summary
| Plasmodium |
|---|
| Uncomplicated malaria by CQS P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowlesi, and P. falciparum |
| CQ phosphate; is also the drug of choice for pregnant women |
| Uncomplicated malaria by CQR P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. ovale |
| An ACT combination such as ARM-LF; is also the drug of choice for pregnant women |
| Anti-relapse treatment P. vivax and P. ovale |
| PRQ phosphate or TFQ; Anti-relapse is risky during pregnancy |
| Complicated malaria regardless of the species or drug susceptibility |
| Administer intravenous ARN |
| Possible proteins involved in resistance |
| P. vivax: PvMDRI (CQ, ARN, and MQ), PvDFHR-TS, and PvDHPS (SP) |
| P. falciparum: PfCRT (CQ, PPQ, ADQ), PfMDRI (CQ, QN, ART, and MQ), PfMRPI (CQ and QN), PfK13 (ART), Pfcytb (AQ), Pfnhe-1 (QN), PfDHPS, and PfDHFR-TS (SP) |
| Available human vaccine |
| RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix™) by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals |
African Trypanosoma treatment and possible resistance proteins summary
| African Trypanosoma |
|---|
| Commonly used compounds for treatment |
|
| Possible proteins involved in resistance |
| PMD and Melb: TbAT1 and TbAQP2 |
| Available human vaccine |
| No human vaccine is available |