Fig. 1.
Chemical structure of uric acid.
Fig. 2.
Enzymatic degradation of purines to uric acid (Chaudhary et al. 2013).
Table I
Uricase-producing microorganisms.
| Microorganisms | Extracellular uricase | Intracellular uricase |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | Escherichia coli | Proteus vulgaris |
| Bacillus pasteurii | Streptomyces albidoflavus | |
| Proteus mirabilis | Streptomyces graminofaciens | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Saccharopolyspora sp. | |
| Microbacterium spp. | ||
| Lactobacillus sp. | ||
| Filamentous fungi | Fusarium sp. | |
| Geotrichum sp. | ||
| Mucor sp. | ||
| Alternaria sp. | ||
| Penicillium sp. | ||
| Aspergillus sp. | ||
| Rhizopus sp. | ||
| Yeast | Candida tropicalis | Candida utilis |
Fig. 3.
The varying end products of purine metabolism in different species due to differential catabolic enzymes in the pathway (Lee et al. 2013).
Fig. 4.
Bacterial uricase (Wu et al. 1989).
Fig. 5.
Uricase catalyzes the reduction of dissolved oxygen to peroxide in the presence of uric acid (Li et al. 2005; Ravichandran et al. 2015).
Fig. 6.
A clear zone indicating Alcaligenes faecalis-secreted uricase on uric acid (0.3%) – supplemented BT medium.