Abstract
Approximately 26% of the global population is estimated to be infected with latent tuberculosis. Healthcare workers are at higher risk due to continuous exposure to patients with active tuberculosis. To date, no published data exists on the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in Albania. This study represents the first analysis aiming to assess the risk of TB infection within this group.
The cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2023 to assess the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in Albania. Participants underwent interviews on demographic, social and exposure factors, as well as tuberculin skin testing to determine the presence of infection. Of the healthcare workers in the field of tuberculosis, only 20% were included in the study. Of the 706 healthcare workers included in the study, Of these, 217 (30.7%) were male and 489 (69.3%) were female, with a mean age of 45.7 years. 486 (68.8%) underwent the TST test. Latent infection was detected in 38 persons, representing a prevalence of 7.8% (95% CI: 5.8%–10.6%). The risk of latent tuberculosis infection was significantly associated with age ≥40 years and working time over 5 years (p < 0.05). About 79% (n=30) of the affected personnel started treatment for latent infection, while 21% (n=8) refused treatment. None of the participants tested positive for active tuberculosis. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in Albania appears lower compared to international reports, potentially reflecting the effectiveness of national TB control measures implemented after the COVID-19 pandemic. Continued strengthening of preventive strategies, including regular monitoring, professional training, and control measures in high-risk environments, is recommended.