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Isovitexin can Alleviate Fracture-Related Infection, Promote Osteogenesis, and Inhibit Activation of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway Cover

Isovitexin can Alleviate Fracture-Related Infection, Promote Osteogenesis, and Inhibit Activation of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
Volume 74 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)
By:  and    
Open Access
|Jul 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Fig 1.

Isovitexin promotes bone healing and reduces bacterial load in an MRSA-infected femoral fracture model. (A) Chemical structure of isovitexin. (B) Representative histological images of HE staining (top two rows) and Masson's trichrome staining (bottom two rows) at 100× and 200× magnification in the Control, Model, Amoxicillin, and Isovitexin groups. Scale bars are indicated in the images. (C) Quantification of (TCA, %) based on Masson's trichrome staining, showing new bone formation in each group. (D) Bacterial load (CFU/mL × 108) at the fracture site at 4 weeks post-surgery. ***P < 0.001. CFU, colony-forming unit; HE, hematoxylin and eosin; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; TCA, total callus area.

Fig 2.

Isovitexin reduces the level of inflammation. (A) Quantification of serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, at 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery in all four groups (Control, Model, Amoxicillin, and Isovitexin). (B) Representative immunohistochemical staining of CD68 (a macrophage marker) at 100× and 200× magnification in femoral tissue sections from each group. Brown staining indicates CD68-positive cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). ***P < 0.001. IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, interleukin-10; SD, standard deviation; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.

Fig 3.

Isovitexin promotes bone metabolism. (A) Measurement of serum bone metabolism markers β-CTX, PINP, and BALP. (B) The protein expression levels of BMP2, OPN, and RUNX2 in bone tissue were detected by Western blot. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). ***P < 0.001. BALP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; PINP, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide; β-CTX, β-CrossLaps of type I collagen; SD, standard deviation.

Fig 4.

Isovitexin inhibits the activation of the NF-κB pathway. The protein expression levels of p65, p-p65, IKB-α, and p-IKB-α in bone tissue were detected by Western blot. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6). ***P < 0.001. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. SD, standard deviation.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aite-2026-0021 | Journal eISSN: 1661-4917
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Language: English
Submitted on: Feb 9, 2026
Accepted on: May 19, 2026
Published on: Jul 13, 2026
Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Isovitexin,
Fracture-related infection,
MRSA,
Osteogenesis,
Inflammation,
NF-κB signaling pathway
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Biochemistry,
Immunology,
Clinical medicine,
Clinical medicine, other,
Clinical chemistry

© 2026 Yaping Gu, Ping Xu, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 74 (2026): Issue 1 (January 2026)
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