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Isorhynchophylline Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome and Improves Gestational Diabetes Cover

Isorhynchophylline Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome and Improves Gestational Diabetes

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
Volume 73 (2025): Issue 1 (January 2025)
By: Li Pu,  Li Chen,  Kun Yu,  Yueming Zhang,  Caifeng Wang,  Feizhou Jiang,  Jia Shi and  Jingjing Meng  
Open Access
|Mar 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig 1.

Effect of IRN on blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in GDM mice. (A) Structural formula of IRN. (B) The IPGTT was performed on gestational day 10, with blood samples collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min post glucose injection. (C) The IPITT was conducted on the same day, with blood samples collected at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min post insulin injection. (D) Bar graphs showing fasting blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, and liver glycogen content in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IPGTT, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; IPITT, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test; IRN, isorhynchophylline; ns, no significant.
Effect of IRN on blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in GDM mice. (A) Structural formula of IRN. (B) The IPGTT was performed on gestational day 10, with blood samples collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min post glucose injection. (C) The IPITT was conducted on the same day, with blood samples collected at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min post insulin injection. (D) Bar graphs showing fasting blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, and liver glycogen content in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IPGTT, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; IPITT, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test; IRN, isorhynchophylline; ns, no significant.

Fig 2.

Effect of IRN on the inflammation of serum and placenta tissues of GDM mice. (A) Bar graphs of ELISA assays showing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). (B) Bar graphs of ELISA assays showing placenta tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IL, interleukin; IRN, isorhynchophylline; ns, no significant; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
Effect of IRN on the inflammation of serum and placenta tissues of GDM mice. (A) Bar graphs of ELISA assays showing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). (B) Bar graphs of ELISA assays showing placenta tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IL, interleukin; IRN, isorhynchophylline; ns, no significant; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Fig 3.

Effect of IRN on the oxidative stress of tissues of GDM mice. The corresponding kits showed the levels of MDA, SOD, GPx, and GSH in placenta tissues from control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, glutathione; IRN, isorhynchophylline; MDA, malondialdehyde; ns, no significant; SOD, superoxide dismutase.
Effect of IRN on the oxidative stress of tissues of GDM mice. The corresponding kits showed the levels of MDA, SOD, GPx, and GSH in placenta tissues from control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, glutathione; IRN, isorhynchophylline; MDA, malondialdehyde; ns, no significant; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Fig 4.

Effect of IRN on the litter size and offspring weight. (A) Litter size in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). (B) Offspring weight in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IRN, isorhynchophylline; ns, no significant.
Effect of IRN on the litter size and offspring weight. (A) Litter size in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). (B) Offspring weight in control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IRN, isorhynchophylline; ns, no significant.

Fig 5

Effect of IRN on the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in GDM mice. (A) Immunoblot showed the expression of NLRP3 in placenta tissues from control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). (B) Immunoblot showed the expression of cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in placenta tissues from control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IL, interleukin; IRN, isorhynchophylline; NF-κB/NLRP3, nuclear factor-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3; ns, no significant.
Effect of IRN on the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in GDM mice. (A) Immunoblot showed the expression of NLRP3 in placenta tissues from control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). (B) Immunoblot showed the expression of cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in placenta tissues from control, GDM, and IRN-treated GDM mice (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.001, GDM vs. control, **p < 0.001, GDM + IRN vs. GDM. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IL, interleukin; IRN, isorhynchophylline; NF-κB/NLRP3, nuclear factor-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3; ns, no significant.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aite-2025-0006 | Journal eISSN: 1661-4917
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Language: English
Submitted on: Oct 9, 2024
Accepted on: Jan 17, 2025
Published on: Mar 14, 2025
Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus,
Isorhynchophylline,
Insulin resistance,
Inflammation,
NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Basic medical science,
Biochemistry,
Immunology,
Clinical medicine,
Clinical medicine, other,
Clinical chemistry

© 2025 Li Pu, Li Chen, Kun Yu, Yueming Zhang, Caifeng Wang, Feizhou Jiang, Jia Shi, Jingjing Meng, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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