References
- Polaris Observatory Collaborators. Global prevalence, cascade of care, and prophylaxis coverage of hepatitis B in 2022: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023;8:879–907. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(23)00197-8
- Brouard C, Parenton F, Youssouf H, Chevaliez S, Gordien E, Jean M, Bruyand M, Vaux S, Lot F, Ruello M; Unono Wa Maore group. Hepatitis B, C, and delta in the general population in Mayotte: hepatitis B as a major public health concern. BMC Infect Dis 2022;22(1):716. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07679-7
- Ganesan M, Eikenberry A, Poluektova LY, Kharbanda KK, Osna NA. Role of alcohol in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2020;26:883–903. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i9.883
- World Health Organization. Global hepatitis report 2024: Action for access in low- and middle-income countries [displayed 20 Jun 2024]. Available at
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376409/B09024-eng.pdf - Gerlich WH. Hepatitis-B-Impfstoffe – Geschichte, Erfolge, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven [Hepatitis B vaccines-history, achievements, challenges, and perspectives, in German]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022;65:170–82. doi: 10.1007/s00103-021-03484-w
- World Health Organization. Introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into childhood immunization services. Management guidelines, including information for health workers and parents. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001 [displayed 15 Jun 2024]. Available at
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/66957/WHO_V-B_01.31_eng.pdf?sequence=1 - World Health Organization. Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection [displayed 15 Jun 2024]. Available at
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240090903 - Nagashima S, Yamamoto C, Ko K, Chuon C, Sugiyama A, Ohisa M, Akita T, Katayama K, Yoshihara M, Tanaka J. Acquisition rate of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen among medical and dental students in Japan after three-dose hepatitis B vaccination. Vaccine 2019;37:145–51. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.019
- Trevisan A, Giuliani A, Scapellato ML, Anticoli S, Carsetti R, Zaffina S, Brugaletta R, Vonesch N, Tomao P, Ruggieri A. Sex disparity in response to hepatitis B vaccine related to the age of vaccination. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(1):327. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010327
- Đurić P, Brkić S, Ćosić G, Petrović V, Ilić S. Kontrola i prevencija krvnoprenosivih infekcija u zdravstvenim ustanovama [Control and Prevention of Blood-borne Infections in Health Care Facilities, in Serbian]. Novi Sad: Institut za javno zdravlje Vojvodine; 2007.
- Đurić P, Ilić S. HIV infekcija i zdravstveni radnici [HIV Infections and HealthcareWorkers, in Serbian]. Novi Sad: Novosadski humanitarni centar; 2007.
- Heininger U, Gambon M, Gruber V, Margelli D. Successful hepatitis B immunization in non- and low responding health care workers. Hum Vaccin 2010;6:725–8. doi: 10.4161/hv.6.9.12420
- World Health Organization. WHO position papers on Hepatitis B [displayed 12 Jun 2024]. Available at
https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/policies/position-papers/hepatitis-b - Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”. Izveštaj o zaraznim bolestima u Republici Srbiji za 2022. godinu [Report on infectious diseases in Serbia in 2022, in Serbian] [displayed 10 Jun 2024]. Available at
https://www.batut.org.rs/download/izvestaji/GodisnjiIzvestajZarazneBolestiSrbija2022.pdf - Čanak G. Infektivne bolesti sa negom zaraznih bolesnika [Infectious diseases and patient care, in Serbian]. Novi Sad: Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Novom Sadu; 2009.
- Thun JM, Linet MS, Cerhan JR, Haiman CA, Schottenfeld D, editors. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. 4th ed. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 2017.
- Cui F, Shen L, Li L, Wang H, Wang F, Bi S, Liu J, Zhang G, Wang F, Zheng H, Sun X, Miao N, Yin Z, Feng Z, Liang X, Wang Y. Prevention of chronic hepatitis B after 3 decades of escalating vaccination policy, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2017;23:765–72. doi: 10.3201/eid2305.161477
- World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 [displayed 15 Jun 2024]. Available at
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240090903 - Schillie S, Murphy TV, Sawyer M, Ly K, Hughes E, Jiles R, de Perio MA, Reilly M, Byrd K, Ward JW; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC guidance for evaluating health-care personnel for hepatitis B virus protection and for administering postexposure management. MMWR Recomm Rep 2013;62(RR-10):1–19 [displayed 15 Jun 2024]. Available at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24352112/ - Yanase M, Murata K, Mikami S, Nozaki Y, Masaki N, Mizokami M. Hepatitis B virusvaccination-related seroprevalence among health-care personnel in a Japanese tertiary medical center. Hepatol Res 2016;46:1330–7. doi: 10.1111/hepr.12691
- Liu F, Guo Z, Dong C. Influences of obesity on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017;13:1014–7. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1274475
- bioMérieux. VIDAS ® Anti-HBc Total II (HBCT) [displayed 23 July 2020]. Available at
https://www.biomerieux.com/corp/en/our-offer/clinical-products/vidas-hepatitis-panel.html - Smernice dobre laboratorijske prakse [Guidelines for good laboratory practice, in Serbian]. Službeni glasnik RS 28/2008.
- Galanakis E, Jansen A, Lopalco PL, Giesecke J. Ethics of mandatory vaccination for healthcare workers. Euro Surveill 2013;18(45):20627. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.45.20627
- Issa A, Ayoola YA, Abdulkadir MB, Ibrahim RO, Oseni TIA, Abdullahi M, Ibraheem RM, Lawal AF, Dele-Ojo BF, Owolabi BI, Echieh CP. Hepatitis B vaccination status among health workers in Nigeria: a nationwide survey between January to June 2021. Arch Public Health 2023;81(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s13690-023-01142-y
- Ndunguru B, Wilfred D, Kapesa A, Kilonzo SD, Mirambo M, Hyera F, Massaga F. Low uptake of hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers in primary health facilities in Mwanza region, North-Western Tanzania. Front Public Health 2023;11:1152193. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1152193
- Anthony M, Babatunde S. Uptake and completion rates of hepatitis B vaccination among health care workers at a referral hospital in UYO, Akwa Ibom State. EPRA Int J Multidiscip Res 2023;9:168–77. doi: 10.36713/epra2013
- Dayyab FM, Iliyasu G, Ahmad BG, Bako AT, Ngamariju SS, Habib AG. Hepatitis B vaccine knowledge and self-reported vaccination status among healthcare workers in a conflict region in Northeastern Nigeria. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2020;8:2515135519900743. doi: 10.1177/2515135519900743
- Awoke N, Mulgeta H, Lolaso T, Tekalign T, Samuel S, Obsa MS, Olana R. Full-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination coverage and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020;15(10):0241226. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241226
- Yuan Q, Wang F, Zheng H, Zhang G, Miao N, Sun X, Woodring J, Chan PL, Cui F. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers in China. PLoS One 2019;14(5):e0216598. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216598
- Bookstaver PB, Foster JL, Lu ZK, Mann JR, Ambrose C, Grant A, Burgess S. Hepatitis B virus seroconversion rates among health sciences students in the southeastern United States. J Am Coll Health 2016;64:69–73. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1042876
- Ocan M, Acheng F, Otike C, Beinomugisha J, Katete D, Obua C. Antibody levels and protection after Hepatitis B vaccine in adult vaccinated healthcare workers in northern Uganda. PLoS One 2022;17(1):e0262126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262126
- Harun MGD, Sumon SA, Mohona TM, Rahman A, Abdullah SAHM, Islam MS, Anwar MMU. Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage among Bangladeshi Healthcare Workers: Findings from Tertiary Care Hospitals. Vaccines (Basel) 2023;11(1):41. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11010041
- Salman MS, Amna RS, Syed IA, Mairaj S. Determinants of hepatitis B vaccination status in health care workers of two secondary care hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021;17:5579–84. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1986332
- Kanazir M. Ispitivanje prediktora vakcinalnog statusa povezanog sa imunizacijom protiv hepatitisa B kod osoba zaposlenih u zdravstvenim ustanovama [A study of the predictors of vaccination status associated with immunisation against hepatitis B in healthcare staff, in Serbian] [PhD thesis]. Beograd: Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu; 2016.
- Bogdanović Vasić S, Stojčević Maletić J, Brestovački Svitlica B, Mićunović S, Knežević V, Antonić R, Ružić M. Protection of health workers employed in tertiary health institution from hepatitis B virus infection. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2020;148:695–700. doi: 10.2298/SARH200419059B
- Janićijević I, Perović M, Rančić N, Mitić S. Vakcinacija zdravstvenih radnika protiv virusnog hepatita B [Vaccination of healthcare workers against hepatitis virosa B, in Serbian]. Timočki medicinski glasnik 2011;36:188–91 [displayed 16 September 2023]. Available at
http://www.tmg.org.rs/v360402.htm - Marković-Denić L, Branković M, Maksimović N, Jovanović B, Petrović I, Simić M, Lesić A. Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers at university hospitals. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2013;141:789–93. doi: 10.2298/sarh1312789m
- Đurić P. Uticaj programa unapređenja prevencije i kontrole krvnoprenosivih infekcija na smanjenje profesionalnog rizika u zdravstvu [Influence of program of strengthening prevention and control of blood-borne infections to reduction of professional risk of health personnel, in Serbian] [PhD thesis]. Novi Sad: Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Novom Sadu; 2008.
- Romano L, Zanetti AR. Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Historical Overview with a Focus on the Italian Achievements. Viruses 2022;14(7):1515. doi: 10.3390/v14071515
- Grazzini M, Arcangeli G, Mucci N, Bonanni P, Bini C, Bechini A, Boccalini S, Tiscione E, Paolini D. High chance to overcome the non-responder status to hepatitis B vaccine after a further full vaccination course: results from the extended study on healthcare students and workers in Florence, Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020;16:949–54. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1680082
- Kashyap B, Tiwari U, Prakash A. Hepatitis B virus transmission and health care workers: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. Indian J Med Spec 2018;9:30–5. doi: 10.1016/j.injms.2018.01.003
- Biswas RSR, Karim MN, Bhattacharjee B. Hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination status among health care workers of a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. J Sci Soc 2015;42:176–9. doi: 10.4103/0974-5009.165561
- Muljono HD, Wijayadi T, Sjahril R. Hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in Indonesia. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018;8:88–92. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1269
- Kisangau EN, Awour A, Juma B, Odhiambo D, Muasya T, Kiio SN, Too R, Lowther SA. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among healthcare workers, Makueni County, Kenya 2017. J Public Health 2019;41:765–71. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy186
- Mwangi IA, Wesongah JO, Musyoki VM, Omosa-Manyonyi GS, Farah B, Edalia LG, Mbuchi M. Assessment of hepatitis B vaccination status and hepatitis B surface antibody titres among health care workers in selected public health hospitals in Kenya. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023;3(4):e0001741. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001741
- Lungosi MB, Muzembo BA, Mbendi NC, Nkodila NA, Ngatu NR, Suzuki T, Wada K, Mbendi NS, Ikeda S. Assessing the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in a referral hospital in Kisantu, Congo DR: a pilot study. Ind Health 2019;57:621–6. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0166
- Mueller A, Stoetter L, Kalluvya S, Stich A, Majinge C, Weissbrich B, Kasang C. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 2015;15:386. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1129-z
- Amini M, Ansari I, Yekesadat S, Vaseie M. Response rate to the vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine among cardiovascular health staff in Teheran. Rev Latinoam de Hipertens 2019;14:561–7.
- El Sayed ZM, El Razek HMA. Longitudinal study of hepatitis B immunization in healthcare workers in one Egyptian center. J Immunol Res 2016;3(1):1026
- Gupta M, Prince H, Dhiman RK. Baseline hepatitis B vaccination and anti HBs level among healthcare workers in a newly commissioned government dedicated oncology hospital. Int J Infect Dis 2023;134(Suppl 1):S1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.05.055
- Prashant P, Nitin A, Suryasanta D, Kumar D. Status of protection against hepatitis B infection among healthcare workers in a tertiary healthcare center in India: results can’t be ignored! J Hematol Clin Res 2018;2:001–5. doi: 10.29328/journal.jhcr.1001005
- Lall M, Sen S, Patrikar S, Karade S, Gupta RM. Post vaccination antibody titres of hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in a mixed cohort of health care workers. Med J Armed Forces India 2022;78:198–203. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.11.023
- De Schryver A, Lambaerts T, Lammertyn N, François G, Bulterys S, Godderis L. European survey of hepatitis B vaccination policies for healthcare workers: An updated overview. Vaccine 2020;38(11):2466–72. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.003
- Francesco PB, Pasquale S, Giovanni M, Martinelli A, Vimercati L, Germinario CA, Tafuri S. Prevalence of healthcare workers fully vaccinated against hepatitis B without circulating antibodies in Italy and role of age at baseline cycle vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023;22:139–47. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2162507
- Coppeta L, Balbi O, Pietroiusti A, Biondi G, Baldi S, Magrini A. Immune Status for Hepatitis B and Risk for Occupational Exposure Virus Among Italian Nurses. Arch Clin Infect Dis 2022;17(5):e105876. doi.org/10.5812/archcid-105876
- Domínguez A, Urbiztondo L, Bayas JM, Borrás E, Broner S, Campins M, Costa J, Esteve M; Working Group for the Study of the Immune Status in Healthcare Workers of Catalonia. Serological survey of hepatitis B immunity in healthcare workers in Catalonia (Spain). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017;13(2):435–9. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1264791
- Başpınar MM. Screening of Hepatitis A and B Seropositivity among Turkish Healthcare Providers Admitted to Occupational Health Services. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:6065335. doi: 10.1155/2022/6065335
- Wood RC, MacDonald KL, White KE, Hedberg CW, Hanson M, Osterholm MT. Risk factors for lack of detectable antibody following hepatitis B vaccination of Minnesota health care workers. JAMA 1993;270:2935–9. PMID: 8254853
- Dowran R, Malekzadeh M, Nourollahi T, Sarkari B, Sarvari J. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Adv Biomed Res 2021;10:7. doi: 10.4103/abr.abr_173_20
- King H, Xing J, Dean H, Holtzman D. Trends in prevalence of protective levels of hepatitis B surface antibody among adults aged 18–49 years with risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection-United States, 2003–2014. Clinic Infect Dis 2020;70:1907–15. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz537
- Chaiear N, Krisorn P, Seehamoke C. A longitudinal study of hepatitis B surface antibody level after the accelerated vaccination protocol applied to health workers in a hospital of Thailand. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2023;21:101271. doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101271
- Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Zanis C, Thompson G, Rea L, Toomey M, Townshend-Bulson L, Rudolph K, Bulkow L, Spradling PR, Baum R, Hennessy T, McMahon BJ. Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccine: results of a 30-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose. J Infect Dis 2016;214:16–22. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv748
- Vivian Efua SD, Armah D, Delali AW. Hepatitis B virus vaccination post serological testing and antibody levels of vaccinated health care workers in Accra, Ghana. Vaccine X 2023;14:100294. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100294
- Fabrizi F, Donato FM, Messa P. Association between hepatitis B virus and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hepatol 2017;16:21–47. doi: 10.5604/16652681.1226813
- DaRoza G, Loewen A, Djurdjev O, Love J, Kempston C, Burnett S, Kiaii M, Taylor PA, Levin A. Stage of chronic kidney disease predicts seroconversion after hepatitis B immunization: earlier is better. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42:1184–92. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2003.08.019
- Jiang HY, Wang SY, Deng M, Li YC, Ling ZX, Shao L, Ruan B. Immune response to hepatitis B vaccination among people with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2017;35:2633–41. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.080