Occupational burnout among teachers: is it seasonal?

Socio-demographic characteristics	All	Group 1 (beginning of the school year 2018/19)	Group 2 (end of the school year 2018/19)
	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	p
Gender
Female	187 (57.2)	27 (28.1)	160 (69.3)	.000
Male	140 (42.8)	69 (71.9)	71 (30.7)
Age (years)
<35	82 (25.1)	35 (36.5)	47 (20.3)	.000
36–45	123 (37.6)	35 (36.5)	88 (38.1)
46–55	111 (33.9)	15 (15.5)	96 (41.6)
>56	11 (3.4)	11 (11.5)	0
Marital status
Married/cohabiting	170 (52.0)	25 (26.0)	145 (62.8)	.000
Single	133 (40.7)	65 (67.7)	68 (29.4)
Divorced/Widowed	24 (7.3)	6 (6.3)	18 (7.8)
Children
Yes	218 (66.7)	62 (64.6)	156 (67.5)	.699
No	109 (33.3)	34 (35.4)	75 (32.5)
Workplace
Primary school	179 (54.7)	43 (44.8)	136 (58.9)	.054
Secondary school	144 (44.0)	51 (53.1)	93 (40.3)
Combined	4 (1.2)	2 (2.1)	2 (0.8)
Years of work
<10	113 (34.6)	47 (49.0)	66 (28.6)	.001
11–20	125 (38.2)	34 (35.4)	91 (39.4)
>20	89 (27.2)	15 (15.6)	74 (32.0)
Overtime hours per week
Never	221 (67.6)	60 (62.5)	161 (69.7)	.170
to 10 h	99 (30.3)	32 (33.3)	67 (29.0)
>10 h	7 (2.1)	4 (4.2)	3 (1.3)

Table 2

Occupational burnout (MBI-HSS)

Occupational burnout	Group 1 (beginning of the school year 2018/19)	Group 2 (end of the school year 2018/19)	p
Occupational burnout	N (%)	N (%)
Emotional exhaustion
Low	87 (90.6)	217 (93.9)	.396
Moderate	6 (6.2)	7 (3.0)
High	3 (3.1)	7 (2.1)
Depersonalisation
Low	89 (92.7)	231 (100)	.000
Moderate	4 (4.2)	0
High	3 (3.1)	0
Personal accomplishment
Low	16 (16.7)	57 (24.7)	.284
Moderate	28 (29.2)	60 (26.0)
High	52 (54.1)	114 (49.4)

Table 3

Occupational burnout scores by dimension (MBI-HSS)

Occupational burnout scale scores	Group 1 (beginning of the school year 2018/19)		Group 2 (end of the school year 2018/19)		p
Occupational burnout scale scores	Mean (SD)	Median (min–max)	Mean (SD)	Median (min–max)	p
Emotional exhaustion	7.98 (6.96)	6.00 (0–34)	13.17 (10.59)	10.00 (0–54)	.000
Depersonalisation	2.05 (4.76)	1.00 (0–40)	2.87 (4.50)	1.00 (0–30)	.038
Personal accomplishment	38.18 (8.07)	39.00 (0–48)	36.41 (9.46)	38.00 (0–48)	.210

Table 4

Prevalence (number and percentage) of low, moderate, and occupational burnout by dimensions and sociodemographic and job characteristics

				Enotional	exhaustion						Depersonalisation							Personal		accomplishment
Sociodemographic		Group 1				Group 2				Group 1			Group 2				Group 1				Group 2
and occupational characteristics	Low N (%)	Moderate N (%)	High N (%)	P	Low N (%)	Moderate N (%)	High N (%)	p	Low N (%)	Moderate N (%)	High N p (%)	Low N (%)	Moderate N (%)	High N (%)	p	Low N (%)	Moderate N (%)	High N (%)	P	Low N (%)	Moderate N (%)	High N (%)	P
											Gender
Female	24 (27.6)	1 (16.7)	2 (44.7)	.272	151 (69.6)	5 (71.4)	4 (57.1)	.775	25 (28.1)	1 (25.0)	1 .971 (33.3)	160 (69.3)	3	3	/	4 (31.2)	8 (28.0)	14 (20.2)	.943	34 (52.0)	41 (68.3)	85 (74.0)	.135
Male	63 (72.4)	5 (83.3)	1 (33.3)		66 (30.4)	2 (28.6)	3 (42.9)		64 (71.9)	3 (75.0)	2 (66.7)	71 (30.7)	3	3		11 (68.8)	20 (71.4)	38 (70.1)		23 (40.4)	19 (01.7)	29 (25.4)
										Age (years)
<35	(34 39.1)	(16.1 7)	3	.186	(20.745 )	(141 -3)	(141 .3)	.860	(3733 .1)	(251 -0)	.683	(20.347 )	3	3	/	(376 -5)	(42.912 )	(32.717 )	.809	_(159 -8)	(2616 -7)	(1922 .3)	.422
36-45	28 (32.2)	4 (66-7)	3 (100)		81 (37.3)	4 (57.1)	3 (42.9)		31 (34-8)	3 (8.6)		88 (38.1)	3	3		6 (37-5)	9 (31.1)	20 _(38-5)		26 _(45-6)_	22 (36-7)	40 (35.1)
46-55	14 (16.1)	1 (16-7)	0		91 (41.9)	2 (28-6)	3 (42.9)		14 (15-7)	0		96 (41.6)	3	3		1 (6-2)	4 (14-3)	10 (19.2)		22(38-6)	2 (38-6)	52 (45.6)
>56	(12.611 )	3	0		3	3	0		11(12-4)	0		3	3	3		(18.33 )	(103 .7)	(9.65 )		0	0	0
										Marital status
Married/Cohabiting	(24 27.6)	3	(33.31 )	.507	_(62135 -2)	(715 -4)	5(71.4)	.854	(25 28.1)	0	0 .169	__(145 62-8)	3	3	/	(315 .2) (	25.07 )	(2513 .0)	.987	(64.937 ) (	55.033 )	(6575 -8)	.708
Single	57 (65.5)	6 (100)	2 (66.7)		64 (29.5)	2 (28-6)	2 (28-6)	_(	59 66-3)_	4 (100)	2 (66-7)___________	68 (29.4)	3	3		10 (62-5)	19 (67-9)	36 (69-2)		16 (28.1)	21 (35-0)	31 (27.2)
Divorced/Widowed	5 (6.9)	0	3		18(8.3)	3	0		5 (5.6)	0	1 (33.3)	18 (7.8)	3	3		1 (6-2) (	2 7.1)	3 (5.8)		4	6 (10.0)	8 (7.0)
										Children
Yes	55 (63.2)	5 (83.3)	2 (66.7)	.607	146 (67.3)	5 (71.4)	5 (71.4)	.950	55 (61.8)	4 (100.)	3 (100)	.126	156 (67.5)	0	0	/	11 (68.8)	18 (64.3)		.927	39 (68.4)	41 (68.3)	76 (66.7)
No	32 (36.8)	1 (16.7)	1 (33.3)		71 (32.7)	2 (28.6)	2 (28.6)		34 (38.2)	0	0		75 (32.5)	0	0		5 (31.2)	10 (35.7)			18 (31.6)	19 (31.7)	38 (33.3)
										Workplace
Primary school	(41 47.1)	(161 -7)	(33.31 )	.609	(125 57-6)_	(715 -4)	(856 -7)	.605 _(	4339 -8)	(1004 )	0 .000	(136 58-8)	3	3	/	(376 -5)	(39.311 )	(5026 .0)	.460	(5431 -2) (	54.232 )	(64.673 )	.285
Secondary school	44 (50.6)	4 (83.3)	2 (66-7)		90 _(41-5)	2 (28-6)	1 (143)		49 (55.l)	0	2 (66-7)___________	93(40.3)	3	3		9 (56-2) (	16 57.1)	26 (50.0)		26 (45.l)	27 (45.8	40 ) (35-4)
Combined	(2 2.3)	3	3		(02 -9)	2	0		1 (1.1)	0	(33.31 )	(0,2 9)	3	3		(61 -2) (	3.61 )	0		(0.72 )	0	0
										Years of work
<10	44 (50-6)	1 (16-7)	2 (66-7)	.125	61 (28.1)	3 (42.9)	2 (28-6)_	.860	45 (5.6)	1 (25-0)	1 772 (33.3)	66 (28-6)_	3	3		8 (50-0)	13 (46.4)	26 (50.0)	.974	15(26.3)	17 (28.3)	34 (29.8)	.939
11-20	28 (32.2)	5 (83.3)	1 (33.3)		85 (39.2)	3 (42.9)	0 (42.9)		31 (34-8)	2 (50-0)	1 (33.3)	91 (39-4)_	3	3		5 (31.2) (	10 35.7)	19 (36-5)		25 _(43-9)	24 (40.0)	42 (36-8)
>20	15 (17.2)	3	3		71 (32.7)	1 (14.3)	2 (28.6)		13	1 (25-0)	1 (33.3	74 (32.0)	3	3		3 (18.8)	5 (17.9)	7 -(13-5)		17 (29.8)	19 (31.7)	38 (33.3)
										Over time hours per week
Never	58 (66-7)	1 (16-7)	1 (33.3)	.000	153 (70-5)	3 (42.9)	5 (71.4)	.573	58 (65.2)	1 (25-0)	1 123 (33.3)	161 __(69-7)	3	3	/	9 (56-2)	14 (50-0)	37 (71-2)	.375	36 _(63-2)	42 (70.0)	83 (72.8)	.372
<10 h	27 (31.0)	5 (83.3)	3		61 (28.1)	4 (57.1)	5 (71.4)	_(	28 31-5)	2 (50-0)	2 (66-7)	67 (29.0)	3	3		6 (37-5)	13 (46.4)	13 (25.0)		19 (33.3)	18 (30.0)	30 (33.3)
>10 h	2 (2.3)	3	2 (66-7)		3 P-4)	0	0		3 (3-4)_	1 (25-0)	3	3 P-3)	3	3		1 (6.3) (	1 3.6)	2 (3-8)		2 (3-5)	/	1 (0-9)

[i] Group 1 - respondents taking the survey at the beginning of the school year 2018/19; Group 2 - respondents taking the survey at the end of the school year 2018/19

Table 5

Occupational burnout scores by dimension and sociodemographic and job characteristics

	Emotional exhaustion				Depersonalisation				Personal accomplishment
Sociodemographic and job characteristies	Group 1		Group 2		Group 1		Group 2		Group 1		Group 2
	Median (min—max)	p	Median (min—max)	P	Median (min—max)	P	Median (min—max)	p	Median (min—max)	P	Median (min—max)	P
					Gender
Female	(5.00 0-34)	.922	11.00 (0-47)	.705	(0.00 0-14)	.845	(01.0 -20)	.076	(39.00 12-48)	.648	40.00 (7-48)	.020
Male	7.00 (0-32)		9.0 (0-54)		1.00 (0-40)		1.0 (0-30)		40.00 (0-48)		36.00 (0-48)
					Age (years)
<35	(7.00 0-20)	.461	(9.00 0-43)	.664	(0.00 0-40)	.144	(1.00 0-15)	.671	38.00 (0-48)	.902	(37.00 12-47)	.309
36-45	6.00 (0-34)		10.00 (0-54)		1.00 (0-14)		1.00 (0-30)		40.00 (20-48)		36.50 (0-48)
46-55	8.00 (0-20)		12.00 (0-47)		0.00 (0-14)		1.00 (0-20)		41.00 (25-47)		39.50 (13-48)
>56	5.00 (0-14)				0.0				34.00 (12-47)
					Marital status
Married/Cohabiting	(5.00 0-34)	.467	11.00 (0-54)	.407	0.00 (0-6)	.148	(01.0 -30)	.599	(39.00 26-48)	.575	39.00 (0-48)	.788
Single	7.00 (0-32)		9.50 (0-43)		1.00 (0-40)		1.00 (0-21)		40.00 (0-48)		38.00 (12-48)
Divorced/ Widowed	7.00 (0-14)		9.50 (0-26)		1.00 (0-14)		2.00 (0-12)		37.50 (30-42)		37.00 (17-48)
					Children
Yes	(6.50 0-32)	.377	11.00 (0-54)	.402	(1.00 0-40)	.010	(1.00 0-30)	.360	39.00 (0-48)	.339	38.00 (0-48)	.893
No	5.00 (0-34)		10.00 (0-43)		0.00 (0-6)		1.00 (0-21)		40.00 (26-48)		39.00 (12-48)
					Workplace
Primary school	(5.00 0-34)	.014	10.00 (0-54)	.386	(0.00 0-10)	.602	(1.00 0-30)	.028	(41.00 23-48)	.122	40.50 (0-48)	.149
Secondary school	8.00 (0-32)		10.00 (0-44)		1.00 (0-14)		2.00 (0-19)		39.00 (12-48)		37.00 (12-48)
Combined	2.50 (2-3)		20.00 (19-21)		20.00 (0-40)	(	3.00 1-5)		18.50 (0-37)		37.00 (34-40)
					Years of work
<10	(8.00 0-34)	049	(8.00 0-43)	.511	(1.00 0-40)	.908	(1.00 0-11)	.960	(039.00 -4487)	.526	39.50 (0-47)	.539
11-20	7.50 (0-324)		10.00 (0-54)		1.00 (0-30)		1.00 (0-30)		40.50 (20-48)		37.00 (5-48)
>20	5.00 (0-14)		9.00 (0-47)		1.00 (0-16)		0.00 (0-16)		37.00 (12-47)		39.00 (13-48)
					Overtime hours per week
Never	(5.00 0-27)	.012	(9.00 0-54)	.010	(0.00 0-40)	.483	(1.00 0-30)	.016	41.00 (0-48)	.186	39.00 (0-48)	.266
<10 h	7.50 (0-24)		17.00 (0-47)		1.00 (0-14)		2.00 (0-20)		37.50 (20-48)		37.00 (7-48)
>10 h	21.50 (9-34)		7.00 (0-21)		2.00 (0-8)		0.00		38.00 (28-41)		25.00 (21-42)

[i] Group 1 - respondents taking the survey at the beginning of the school year 2018/19; Group 2 - respondents taking the survey at the end of the school year 2018/19

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3582 | Journal eISSN: 1848-6312 (formerly 0004-1254) | Journal ISSN: 0004-1254

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Language: English, Croatian

Page range: 233 - 240

Submitted on: Aug 1, 2021

Accepted on: Jul 1, 2022

Published on: Sep 30, 2022

Published by: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

chronic stress,

depersonalisation,

educators,

emotional exhaustion,

primary school,

secondary school,

work-related problems

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Basic medical science, other

© 2022 Nada Marić, Stefan Mandić-Rajčević, Nataša Maksimović, Petar Bulat, published by Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 73 (2022): Issue 3 (September 2022)