Modern cosmetology procedures available for acne

Figures & Tables

	TriWings® LED lamp	Acne head with Alma Harmony XL Pro	ClearSkin Er:Glass 1540 nm head Alma Harmony XL Pro	DermaClear hydrogen cleansing	Laser Clear + Brilliant®
Painfulness during the procedure	No	Moderate to significant	Moderate to significant	No	Moderate to low
Necessary postoperative convalescence	No	One to two weeks	One to two weeks	No	Up to a month
Not advisable for minors	No age restrictions	For adults and those not prone to keloids	For adults and those not prone to keloids	No age restrictions	For adults and those not prone to keloids
Not advisable during dermatological treatment	Not for people under treatment with isotretinoin, steroid drugs, photosensitizer, or if ruled out by the attending dermatologist	Not for people under treatment with isotretinoin, steroid drugs, photosensitizer, or if ruled out by the attending dermatologist	Not for people under treatment with isotretinoin, steroid drugs, photosensitizer, or if ruled out by the attending dermatologist	Not for people under treatment with isotretinoin, steroid drugs, photosensitizer, or if ruled out by the attending dermatologist	Not for people under treatment with isotretinoin, steroid drugs, photosensitizer, or if ruled out by the attending dermatologist
Effective in the treatment of inflammation	Yes	Yes	Yes	Not	Not
Effective in the treatment of acne scars	In part, it must often be supported by other methods	Yes	Yes	Not	Yes
Effective in the treatment of microsclerosis and blackheads	Not	Not	Not	Yes	Not

Feature	Findings
Overview of hydrogen cleansing therapy	An effective adjunctive treatment for acne that eliminates free radicals, cleanses pores, revitalizes the skin, reduces excessive seborrhea, and removes blackheads.
Hydrogen properties	Recognized in the scientific community as the simplest molecule comprising two hydrogen atoms. Demonstrated antioxidant properties by selectively reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and converting them into harmless water molecules.
Therapeutic effects	Acts as a crucial physiological regulatory agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on cells and organs. Activates mitochondria, leading to increased ATP production and improved cellular function.
Device specifications	Utilizes alkaline, electrochemically reduced water with a pH of 8 to 10 and a high negative oxidation-reduction potential. Equipped with unique cells that produce active hydrogen and combine multiple technologies for effective treatment.
Comprehensive treatment benefits	Stimulates collagen production and improves microcirculation for overall skin health. Targets seboregulatory effects while providing hydration and rejuvenation to the skin.

Feature	Findings
Overview of Clear+Brilliant® laser therapy	Utilizes a fractional diode laser (thulium laser) with wavelengths of 1440 nm and 1927 nm, specifically designed for facial rejuvenation and acne scar treatment.
Wavelength-specific effects	1440 nm Laser: Targets deeper skin layers for acne scar leveling by creating micro-injuries that stimulate the body's natural healing processes. Also promotes collagen and elastin fiber production during the regeneration phase, resulting in improved skin texture. 1927 nm Laser: Effectively exfoliates the epidermis, reduces hyperpigmentation, and refreshes the overall appearance of the skin. Also enhances the complexion, making it appear younger and more radiant.
Post-treatment recommendations	Following the 1927 nm treatment, it is recommended to apply topical products such as vitamin C or hyaluronic acid to intensify therapeutic effects. Home care preparations, including retinol derivatives, succinic acid, and vitamin complexes, may be suggested to further enhance scar reduction and accelerate recovery.
Combination with exfoliation	Laser treatments can be effectively combined with various exfoliating acids (glycolic, azelaic, citric, or salicylic acid) to maximize results in scar reduction.

Feature	Findings
Mechanisms of action	Photobiomodulation: Stimulates cellular regenerative processes by using low-energy light radiation, activating respiratory chains and enhancing cellular metabolism. Wavelength Spectrum: Operates within a wide range, emitting light at various wavelengths (from ultraviolet to near-infrared), targeting specific cellular structures.
Impact on cellular functions	Enhances proliferation of melanocytes, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, thereby reducing oxidative stress through the reduction of free radicals. Promotes the production of elastin and collagen fibers
Therapeutic applications	Effective in treating acne by targeting Cutibacterium acnes through photodynamic reactions. The absorption of light by porphyrins leads to bacterial destruction. Different light colors (e.g., blue for antibacterial effects, red for anti-inflammatory responses) are employed for tailored treatment protocols.
Clinical efficacy	Clinical studies indicate significant reductions in acne lesions and patient satisfaction rates (approximately 90%). Demonstrated efficacy in wound healing and reducing sebum production.

Feature	Findings
Mechanisms of action	The laser targets sebaceous glands and extracellular matrix, with minimal melanin absorption, making it suitable for various skin types. The 1540 nm wavelength penetrates deeply, raising dermal temperature and disrupting sebaceous gland function, leading to long-term acne remission.
Treatment protocols	Recommended for skin phototypes I to VI using a stamping method. Treatment sessions range from 12 to 16, conducted every 72 hours. Pre-treatment laser testing is necessary to determine appropriate settings, typically involving moderate redness and erythema as an outcome.
Targeted treatments	Nd:YAG 1064 nm primarily focuses on the minimization of acne scars. Blue light treatment (420–950 nm) specifically targets Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. Er: Glass 1540 nm head effectively treats both active acne lesions and acne scars.
Clinical efficacy	Significant reduction in papular lesions, nodules, and pustules. Long-term positive effects noted, including patient well-being and symptom persistence nine months post-therapy