Effect of ultrasonic oscillation in combination with laser microsurgery on chronic periapical periodontitis

Group	n	Age (year)	Apical foramen diameter (mm)	Gender	Tooth position/n	Etiology/n
Group	n	Age (year)	Apical foramen diameter (mm)	M/F	Maxillary anterior teeth/mandibular premolar/maxillary premolar	Dental trauma/caries/central cusp deformity
Control	45	26.28±4.27	1.18±0.31	26/19	15/21/9	13/6/26
Treatment	45	25.91±4.30	1.20±0.33	24/21	12/23/10	14/8/23
t/χ²		0.410	0.296	0.180	0.477	0.506
P		0.683	0.768	0.671	0.788	0.776

Table 2.

Treatment outcomes [n(%)]

Group	n	Cured	Improved	Ineffective	Total effective rate
Control	45	25 (55)	12 (27)	8 (18)	37 (82)
Treatment	45	29 (65)	15 (33)	1 (2)	44 (98)
χ²					6.049
P					0.014

Table 3.

Pain degree and MGV (x̄± s)

Group	n	VAS score (point)			MGV
Group	n	Before treatment	4 weeks after treatment	8 weeks after treatment	Before treatment	4 weeks after treatment	8 weeks after treatment
Control	45	7.31±1.35	1.92±0.31	0.63±0.12	77.65±9.41	108.12±10.15	136.14±14.27
F_time, P_time		800.00, <0.001			1200.00, <0.001
t_time, P_time (Bonferroni correction)		Before vs. 4 weeks after treatment: 26.10, <0.001			Before vs. 4 weeks after treatment: 15.13, <0.001
		Before vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 33.06, <0.001			Before vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 19.67, <0.001
		4 vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 26.03, <0.001			4 vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 14.65, <0.001
Treatment	45	7.28±1.27	1.06±0.24	0.38±0.06	78.53±9.52	128.04±10.23	138.25±15.02
F_time, P_time			1200.00, <0.001			1500.00, <0.001
t_time, P_time (Bonferroni correction)		Before vs. 4 weeks after treatment: 32.28, <0.001			Before vs. 4 weeks after treatment: 24.55, <0.001
		Before vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 36.41, <0.001			Before vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 22.69, <0.001
		4 vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 18.44, <0.001			4 vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 5.45, <0.001
t_{between groups}		0.109	14.715	12.500	0.441	9.273	0.683
P_{between groups}		0.914	<0.001	<0.001	0.660	<0.001	0.496

Table 4.

O-PAI at different time points (x̄±s)

Group	n	Before treatment	4 weeks after treatment	8 weeks after treatment
Control	45	3.38±0.08	2.42±0.12	1.49±0.15
F_time, P_time		141.58, <0.001
t_time, P_time (Bonferroni correction)		Before vs. 4 weeks after treatment: 7.44, <0.001
		Before vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 12.60, <0.001
		4 vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 6.14, <0.001
Treatment	45	3.41±0.09	2.37±0.11	1.26±0.10
F_time, P_time		254.04, <0.001
t_time, P_time (Bonferroni correction)		Before vs. 4 weeks after treatment: 8.38, <0.001
		Before vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 17.29, <0.001
		4 vs. 8 weeks after treatment: 9.38, <0.001
t_{between groups}		0.284	3.346	5.144
P_{between groups}		0.777	<0.001	<0.001

Table 5.

Serum biochemical indicators of bone formation (x̄± s)

Group	n	Ca (mmol/L)	P (mmol/L)	ALP (U/L)
Control	45	2.54±0.41	1.98±0.14	120.31±8.92
Treatment	45	3.20±0.53	2.35±0.23	150.94±10.83
t		6.607	9.218	14.645
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Table 6.

Levels of inflammatory factors in GCF (x̄± s, µg/L)

Group	n	TNF-α		IL-6		CRP
Group	n	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment	After treatment
Control	45	7.65±0.94	2.95±0.6²a	15.68±2.74	7.16±1.4⁸a	2.68±0.48	1.38±0.4¹a
Treatment	45	7.72±1.03	2.46±0.4³a	15.73±2.85	5.42±1.0⁶a	2.71±0.53	1.05±0.3²a
t		0.337	4.356	0.085	6.412	0.281	3.860
P		0.737	<0.001	0.933	<0.001	0.779	<0.001

a P<0.05 vs. the same group before treatment

Table 7.

Incidence of adverse reactions [n(%)]

Group	n	Local swelling	Infection	Nerve injury	Incidence rate
Control	45	2 (4)	2 (4)	1 (2)	5 (10)
Treatment	45	1 (2)	0 (0)	1 (2)	2 (4)
χ²					1.394
P					0.238

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2024-0008 | Journal eISSN: 1732-2693

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Language: English

Page range: 66 - 73

Submitted on: Dec 27, 2023

Accepted on: Jul 1, 2024

Published on: Aug 15, 2024

Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

laser,

Related subjects:

Microbiology and virology,

Medicine,

Basic medical science,

Immunology

© 2024 Hongling Si, Ruidi Wang, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 78 (2024): Issue 1 (January 2024)