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How many is good enough? An analysis of serological follow-up after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2

Open Access
|Dec 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Correlation between baseline (D0) antibody levels and 6 months after vaccination (D3). Blue rings present individual results; red line – 95% confidence interval (CI)
Correlation between baseline (D0) antibody levels and 6 months after vaccination (D3). Blue rings present individual results; red line – 95% confidence interval (CI)

Figure 2.

Initial antibody level for groups A (COVID-19 convalescents with increase of antibody level after 2nd dose) and C (COVID-19 convalescent, who had lower antibody level after 2nd dose compared to the results after 1st dose) and BMI level. Blue rings present individual results; red line – 95% confidence interval (CI)
Initial antibody level for groups A (COVID-19 convalescents with increase of antibody level after 2nd dose) and C (COVID-19 convalescent, who had lower antibody level after 2nd dose compared to the results after 1st dose) and BMI level. Blue rings present individual results; red line – 95% confidence interval (CI)

Figure 3.

Antibody levels 6 months after vaccination (D3) for group A (COVID-19 convalescents with increase of antibody level after 2nd dose), B (naïve patients) and C (COVID-19 convalescent, who had lower antibody level after 2nd dose compared to the results after 1st dose). Whiskers drawn from minimum (min) to maximum (max).
Antibody levels 6 months after vaccination (D3) for group A (COVID-19 convalescents with increase of antibody level after 2nd dose), B (naïve patients) and C (COVID-19 convalescent, who had lower antibody level after 2nd dose compared to the results after 1st dose). Whiskers drawn from minimum (min) to maximum (max).

Figure 4.

Delta (difference) between antibody levels 1 month after vaccination (D2) and 6 months after vaccination (D3)
Delta (difference) between antibody levels 1 month after vaccination (D2) and 6 months after vaccination (D3)

Minimal (min), maximal (max), median (Me), IQR (Interquartile range), SD (standard deviation) and mean results [IU/ml] on following stages of the study_ A (COVID-19 convalescents with increase of antibody level after 2nd dose) – 27 patients, B (naïve patients) - 30, C (COVID-19 convalescent, who had lower antibody level after 2nd dose compared to the results after 1st dose)_ - 30; 87 participants in total_ P-value was find using Kruskal-Wallis test

groupMean [IU/mL]SD [IU/mL]Min-max [IU/mL]Me [IQR] [IU/mL]P
D0A162.4182.80.0–896.092.8 [44.2–227.7]0.000
C222.0289.50.0–1344.0128.1 [83.2–268.8]
B0.0000.0000.0–0.00.000 [0–0]
total127.0218.00.0–1344.057.6 [0.0–144.5]
D1A5959.52415.71830.4–11392.05587.2 [4480.0–7680.0]0.000
C7638.55390.01968.0–21800.05472.0 [4000.0–8256.0]
B856.0875.1185.6–3088.0536.0 [320.0–889.6]
total4778.64525.2185.6–21800.04000.0 [777.9–6075.0]
D2A7664.42616.53360.0–14360.07520.0 [4992.0–9280.0]0.000
C5547.23845.91129.0–19840.04608.0 [3120.0–7456.0]
B4451.91569.11664.0–7680.04032.0 [3360.0–5440.0]
total5826.63103.91129.0–19840.04832.0 [3456.0–7536.0]
D3A2417.11480.2344.0–7316.02336.0 [1453.0–3096.0]0.000
C2146.42453.0236.0–12099.01462.5 [819.0–2177.0]
B965.4485.8340.0–2650.0819.0 [609.0–1216.0]
total1823.21781.8236.0–12099.01301.0 [806.0–2336.0]

Correlation between baseline (D0) antibody levels and further sampling (D1 - after 1st dose - up to 7 days before the second dose, D2 – 1 month after vaccination, D3 – 6 months after vaccination)

Antibody levelsSpearman rank correlation
NR Spearmanp
D0 & D1870.730.000
D0 & D2870.340.001
D0 & D3870.450.000

Delta (difference) between antibody levels 1 month after vaccination (D2) and 6 months after vaccination (D3); minimal (min), maximal (max), median (Me), IQR, SD (standard deviation), N – number of subjects, total – summary number of participants_ P-value was find using Kruskal-Wallis test

groupMean [IU/mL]NSD [IU/mL]Min-max [IU/mL]Me [IQR] [IU/mL]p
A5247.2272566.41383.0–13459.05389.0 [3354.0–7134.0]0.003
C3400.8301811.0756.0–7741.03158.5 [2024.0–5012.0]
B3486.5301461.3614.0–6331.03105.0 [2654.0–4538.0]
total4003.4872126.7614.0–13459.03505.0 [2496.0–5535.0]
Language: English
Page range: 143 - 153
Submitted on: Oct 14, 2022
Accepted on: Mar 21, 2023
Published on: Dec 28, 2023
Published by: Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year

© 2023 Monika Stępień, Małgorzata Zalewska, Amadeusz Kuźniarski, Beata Jankowska-Polańska, Agnieszka Piwowar, Natalia Świątoniowska-Lonc, Brygida Knysz, published by Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.