Akkermansia muciniphila – obiecujący kandydat na probiotyk nowej generacji

Recently, there has been observed a growing interest in the relationship between humans and their microbiota. Microorganisms are present on and inside of the human body, where their number can exceed the average human body cell count. Advanced research techniques allow us to better understand the molecular mechanisms of these interactions. This knowledge gives us the opportunity to use especially these microorganisms that have a positive impact on the human body in therapies and disease prevention. The article summarizes current knowledge about the physiology of the human gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and its interactions with the host. The properties of A. muciniphila, its functions in the gastrointestinal tract and the relationship (both antagonistic and symbiotic) with other microorganisms residing are also described. Moreover, the effect of A. muciniphila on gut barrier, immune system and energy metabolism are presented. In addition, the role of A. muciniphila in pathogenesis and therapy of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological disorders and asthma is mentioned, as well as in the patient’s response to anticancer therapy based on the activation of the immune system. The great interest in A. muciniphila, as well as results of many studies presented in this article, including those evaluating its safety, indicate that A. muciniphila might be a promising candidate for a next generation probiotic. However, more studies are undoubtedly needed to assess the safety of A. muciniphila before its approving as a probiotic supplement.