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Physicochemical Properties and Release Profiles of Lidocaine Hydrochloride in Microemulsion Gels Cover

Physicochemical Properties and Release Profiles of Lidocaine Hydrochloride in Microemulsion Gels

Open Access
|Nov 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Rheological behavior changes induced by LID incorporation.LID: lidocaine hydrochloride, MEG: microemulsion gel
Rheological behavior changes induced by LID incorporation.LID: lidocaine hydrochloride, MEG: microemulsion gel

Figure 2.

Comparison of texture profiles: a) MEG1 (black) versus MEG1 with lidocaine hydrochloride (blue); b) MEG2 (red) versus MEG2 with lidocaine hydrochloride (green); c) MEG3 (black) versus MEG3 with lidocaine hydrochloride (blue).
Comparison of texture profiles: a) MEG1 (black) versus MEG1 with lidocaine hydrochloride (blue); b) MEG2 (red) versus MEG2 with lidocaine hydrochloride (green); c) MEG3 (black) versus MEG3 with lidocaine hydrochloride (blue).

Figure 3.

In vitro liberation profiles of LID from MEGs and Gs and total drug released (%) after 6 h.Gs: reference gels, LID: lidocaine hydrochloride, MEGs: microemulsion gels
In vitro liberation profiles of LID from MEGs and Gs and total drug released (%) after 6 h.Gs: reference gels, LID: lidocaine hydrochloride, MEGs: microemulsion gels

Indicators of the rheological behavior of the MEGs influenced by LID_

Formulationn+nHysteresis loop area (Pa s−1)
MEG10.4660.7364351.71
MEG1 + LID0.4350.6233371.33
MEG20.4590.44942,887.42
MEG2 + LID0.7270.71121,012.35
MEG30.9240.79622,167.66
MEG3 + LID0.8080.8343447.42

The main texture characteristics_

SampleAdhesiveness (g s)CohesivenessCompressibility (g s)Strength (mN)
MEG10.0980.040.09761.7
MEG1 + LID0.1040.040.05057.3
MEG20.1021.000.04248.3
MEG2 + LID0.1081.000.04450.6
MEG30.0980.120.05962.5
MEG3 + LID0.0980.100.04852.1

Coefficient of determination (R2) for the kinetic models_

R2MEG1MEG2MEG3G2G3
Zero order0.9270.9820.8700.6760.975
First order0.9830.8140.5580.8690.888
Higuchi0.8340.9080.7500.8240.991
Korsmeyer–Peppas0.9520.9350.5840.8800.991

The Composition of MEGs and Gs_

ComponentMEG1 (%)G1 (%)MEG2 (%)G2 (%)MEG3 (%)G3 (%)
Polysorbate® 8035.5435.53----
Transcutol®17.7217.72----
Oleic acid17.72---5.00-
Purified water29.0245.7537.7446.53-5.00
Isopropyl myristate--8.79---
Cremophor® RH40--44.0344.03--
Ethanol (96%)--9.449.4425.0025.00
Poloxamer® 188----25.0025.00
Poloxamer® 407 (20% aqueous solution)----45.0044.00
Carbopol®-1.00---1.00
Language: English
Published on: Nov 7, 2025
Published by: Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
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© 2025 Patrícia Jackuliaková, Miroslava Špaglová, Paula Čermáková, Mária Čuchorová, Juraj Piešťanský, published by Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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