Table 1
Composition of green tea (C. sinensis) extract niosomes.
| Material | Composition |
|---|---|
| Span 60 | 12.6 gram |
| Tween 60 | 19.62 gram |
| Cholesterol | 1.74 gram |
| PEG 400 | 90.0 gram |
| Green Tea Extract | 60.0 gram |
| Sodium Benzoate | 0.6 gram |
| Distilled water | to 600 ml |
Table 2
The composition of green tea extract niosome gel.
| Material | Composition (%) (w/w) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Green tea extract niosome | 30 | 40 | 50 |
| Sodium alginate | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| CaCl2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Propylene glycol | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Methylparaben | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Green tea fragrance | sufficiently | sufficiently | sufficiently |
| Distilled water | to 100 | to 100 | to 100 |
Figure 1
Scanning electron micrographs of the morphology of green tea extract niosome system at a magnification of (A) 1000×; (B) 2000× and (C) 5000×.
Table 3
The characteristics of green tea extract niosomes obtained from Malvern Zetasizer Nano.
| Niosome | Z-Average diam. (nm) | Polydispersity Index | Zeta potential (mV) | Entrapment efficiency (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 1109 | 0.856 | −0.616 | 89.74 |
| Standard Deviation | ± 63 | ± 0.057 | ± 0.068 | ± 2.52 |
Figure 2
The organoleptic of niosome gel preparations at a niosome concentration of (A) 30%, (B) 40%, and (C) 50%.
Table 4
Physical and chemical characteristics of green tea extract niosome gel preparation.
| Formula | Viscosity (Cps) | pH | Spreadability (g/cm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Green tea niosome gel 30% | 292.667 ± 1.155 | 6.68 ± 0.03 | 0.0051 ± 0.0004 |
| Green tea niosome gel 40% | 297.333 ± 1.115 | 6.59 ± 0.10 | 0.0050 ± 0.0003 |
| Green tea niosome gel 50% | 306.667 ± 2.309 | 6.68 ± 0.01 | 0.0040 ± 0.0004 |
Figure 3
The organoleptic of niosome gel preparation at 4°C on (A) day 1 and (B) day 30; at 40°C on (C) day 1 and (D) day 30 shown the same consistency, brown color and distinctive fragrance of green tea as before storage.
Figure 4
Rheological behavior of green tea extract niosome gel preparation.
Table 5
The pH value of green tea extract niosome gel preparations.
| Fomula | 1st day | Freeze-thaw | 4°C | 30°C | 40°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green tea extract niosome gel 30% | 6.68 ± 0.03 | 6.16 ± 0.06 | 6.52 ± 0.02 | 6.02 ± 0.19 | 6.01 ± 0.03 |
| Green tea extract niosome gel 40% | 6.59 ± 0.10 | 6.17 ± 0,02 | 6.52 ± 0.03 | 6.06 ± 0.04 | 6.02 ± 0.02 |
| Green tea extract niosome gel 50% | 6.68 ± 0.01 | 6.18 ± 0,10 | 6.50 ± 0.07 | 6.04 ± 0.10 | 5.96 ± 0.06 |
Table 6
Antioxidant activity of green tea extract gel.
| Formula | % inhibition |
|---|---|
| Green tea extract gel 30% | 17.78 ± 1.49 |
| Green tea extract gel 40% | 19.69 ± 1.14 |
| Green tea extract gel 50% | 27.09 ± 1.57 |
Table 7
Antioxidant activity of green tea extract niosome gel.
| Formula | % inhibition |
|---|---|
| Green tea extract niosome gel 30% | 10.04 ± 0.05 |
| Green tea extract niosome gel 40% | 17.49 ± 0.03 |
| Green tea extract niosome gel 50% | 25.13 ± 0.05 |
Table 8
Irritation test results of green tea extract niosome gel
| Formula | Treatment | Irritation Score | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | ||
| SLS (positive control) |  |  | 10.63 (Strong irritation) |
| Aquadest (negative control) |  |  | 0 (No irritation) |
| Green tea extract niosome gel 30% |  |  | 0 (No irritation) |
| Green tea extract niosome gel 40% |  |  | 0 (No irritation) |
| Green tea extract niosome gel 50% |  |  | 0 (No irritation) |