Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Modified Thermosetting Urea Formaldehyde Resin

Sultana, Shahin; Mannan, Mehedi; Abedin, Md. Jaynal; Islam, Zahidul; Nur, Husna Parvin; Samaddar, Purabi Rani

doi:10.2478/adms-2021-0024

Abstract

Urea formaldehyde (UF) resins are brittle and to improve their tensile properties poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been used to modify the UF resin. An easy improved procedure was developed to make PVA modified UF resin on the basis of conventional synthesis of UF resin. Prepolymer of UF was mixed with different weight percentages of PVA (1-5%) to synthesize modified UF resin which can be used to make adhesive for forest products. Both UF and modified UF resins were characterized by FTIR, physico-mechanical and thermal properties analyses. Modified UF resin containing 2 wt. % PVA exhibited better results than the UF.

References

1. Liu M., Thirumalai R.V.K.G., Wu Y., Wan H.: Characterization of the crystalline regions of cured urea formaldehyde resin. RSC Advances 7 (2017) 49536-49541.10.1039/C7RA08082D
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. Solt P., Konnerth J., Altmutter W.G., Kantner W., Moser J., Mitter R., Herwijnen H. W.G.v.: Technological performance of formaldehyde-free adhesive alternatives for particleboard industry. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 94 (2019) 99-131.10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.04.007
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. Li B., Zhang J., Ren X., Chang J., Gou J.: Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Oil Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Wood Adhesives. BioResources 9(3) (2014) 5125-5133.10.15376/biores.9.3.5125-5133
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. Pink S., Herwijnen H.W.G., Veigel S., Altmutter W.G., Riegler M.: Urea-formaldehyde microspheres as a potential additive to wood adhesive. Journal of Wood Science 64 (2018) 390-397.10.1007/s10086-018-1717-9
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. Ullah H., Azizli K., Man Z.B, Ismail M.B.C.: Synthesis and Characterization of Urea-formaldehyde Microcapsules Containing Functionalized Polydimethylsiloxanes. Procedia Engineering 148 (2016) 168-175.10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.519
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. Luo J., Zhang J., Gao Q., Mao A., Li J.: Toughening and Enhancing Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Properties via in situ Polymerization of Dialdehyde Starch and Microphase Separation. Polymers 11 (2019) 1-18.10.3390/polym11071167
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. Ebewele R.O., Myers G.E., River B.H., Koutsky J.A.: Polyamine-Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resins. I. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1991) 2997-3012.10.1002/app.1991.070421118
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. Kariuki S.W., Wachira J., Kawira M., Murithi G.: Formaldehyde Use and Alternative Biobased Binders for Particleboard Formulation: A Review. Journal of Chemistry (2019) 1-12. Article ID 5256897.10.1155/2019/5256897
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. Zorba T., Papadopoulou E., Hatjiissaak A., Paraskevopoulos K.M., Chrissafis K.: Urea formaldehyde resins characterized by thermal analysis and ftir method. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 92 (2008) 29-33.10.1007/s10973-007-8731-2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. Ratna D., Banthia A.K.: Rubber Toughened Epoxy. Macromolecular Research 12(1) (2004) 11-21.10.1007/BF03218989
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
11. Seongsu P., Byung D.P.: Crystallinity of Low Molar Ratio Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Modified with Cellulose Nanomaterials. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 49(2) (2021)169-180.10.5658/WOOD.2021.49.2.169
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
12. Lubis M.A.R., Park B.D.: Modification of urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives with oxidized starch using blocked pMDI for plywood. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology (2018). DOI: 10.1080/01694243.2018.151107510.1080/01694243.2018.1511075
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
13. Chen K., Cheng X., Chen Y., Qi J., Xie J., Huang X., Jiang Y., Xiao H.: Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Modified by Almond Shells. ACS Omega 6 (2021) 25702-25709.10.1021/acsomega.1c03896
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
14. Lu L., Wang Y., Li T., Wang S., Yang S., Qing Y., Li X., Wu Y., Liu M.: Calcium carbonate modified urea–formaldehyde resin adhesive for strength enhanced medium density fiberboard production. RSC Advances 11 (2021) 25010.10.1039/D1RA04316A
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
15. Wibowoa E.S., Lubis M.A.R., Park B.D.: In-situ modification of low molar ratio urea–formaldehyde resins with cellulose nanofibrils for plywood. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology (2021).10.1080/01694243.2021.1890370
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
16. Yadava S.M., Lubis M.A.R., Park B.D.: Modification of nanoclay with different methods and its application in ureaformaldehyde bonded plywood panels. Wood Material Science & Engineering (2021).10.1080/17480272.2021.1934897
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
17. Adegoke O.A., Ogunsanwo O.Y., Olaoye K.O.: Modification of Urea Formaldehyde Resin with Pyrolytic Oil on Particleboard. Journal of Forest and Environmental Science 36 (3) (2020) 219-224.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
18. Lubis M.A.R., Park B.D.: Enhancing the performance of low molar ratio urea–formaldehyde resin adhesives via in-situ modification with intercalated nanoclay. The Journal of Adhesion 97(14) (2020) 1271-1290.10.1080/00218464.2020.1753515
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
19. İstek A., Biçer A., Özlüsoylu I.: Effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) added to urea-formaldehyde resin on particleboard properties. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 44 (2020) 526-532.10.3906/tar-1905-87
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
20. Réh R., Kriš t’ák L., Sedliacik J., Bekhta P., Božiková M., Kunecová D., Vozárová V., Tudor E.M., Antov P., Savov V.: Utilization of Birch Bark as an Eco-Friendly Filler in Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives for Plywood Manufacturing. Polymers 13 (2021) 511.10.3390/polym13040511
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
21. Antov P., Savov V., Krišťák L., Réh R., Mantanis G.I.: Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate. Polymers 13 (2021) 220.10.3390/polym13020220
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
22. Li B.P.M.K., Yuan S.Y.T.Q., Du G.B., Sun R.C.: Eco-Friendly Phenol-Urea-Formaldehyde Co-condensed Resin Adhesives Accelerated by Resorcinol for Plywood Manufacturing. ACS Omega 3 (2018) 8521-8528.10.1021/acsomega.8b01286
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
23. Ferreira A.M., Pereira J., Almeida M., Ferra J., Paiva N., Martins J., Carvalho L.H., Magalhães F.D.: Effect of spent sulfite liquor on urea–formaldehyde resin performance. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 136(17) (2018) 47389.10.1002/app.47389
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
24. Jiang S., Hu M., Du G., Duan Z., Zhou X., Li. T.: Highly branched polyurea-enhanced urea formaldehyde resin. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 3 (2021) 1157-1170.10.1021/acsapm.0c01362
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
25. Mathis E., Michon M.L., Billaud C., Grau P., Bocahut A., Vergelati C., Long D.R.: Thermoset modified with polyethersulfone: characterization and control of the morphology, Journal of Polymer Science. Part A-1, Polymer Chemistry 58 (8) (2020) 1177-1188.10.1002/pol.20190286
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
26. Acebo C., Ramis X., Serra A.: Improved epoxy thermosets by the use of poly(ethyleneimine) derivatives. Physical Sciences Reviews (2017) 1-31, 20160128.10.1515/9783110469745-001
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
27. Feldman D.: Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites: Recent contributions to engineering and medicine. AIMS Materials Science 8(1) (2021) 119-129.10.3934/matersci.2021008
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
28. Li J., Zhang Y.: Morphology and Crystallinity of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives with Different Molar Ratios Polymers 13 (2021) 673.10.3390/polym13050673
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
29. Ohalete M.N., Popoola A.V.: Urea-formaldehyde Resins Synthesis, Modification and Characterization. Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) 12(8) (2019) 19-25.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
30. Jovanovic S.S., Jovanovic V., Konstantinovic S., Markovic G., Cincovic M.M.: Thermal behavior of modified urea–formaldehyde resins. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 104 (2011) 1159–1166.10.1007/s10973-010-1143-8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
31. Chen X., Afreen S., Yu X., Dong C., Kong Q.: Modified melamine-formaldehyde resins improve tensile strength along with antifouling and flame retardancy in impregnation of cellulose paper. RSC Advances 9 (2019) 36788-36795.10.1039/C9RA07743J
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
32. Balasubramanya P.C., Natarajan K.: Mechanical and Morphological Studies of Modified Epoxy Resin Matrix for Composite Applications. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 4(1) (2014) 281-288.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
33. Jinhong D., Ming C.H.: The Fabrication, Properties, and Uses of Graphene/Polymer Composites. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 213 (2012) 1060-1077.10.1002/macp.201200029
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
34. Yuan J., Zhao X., Ye L.: Structure and properties of urea-formaldehyde resin/polyurethane blend prepared via in-situ polymerization. RSC Advances 5 (2015) 53700-53707.10.1039/C5RA06029J
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Modified Thermosetting Urea Formaldehyde Resin

Abstract

Paradigm

My account