Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Growth of International Treaties Influenced by EU Law (1960–2020) (European Commission, 2021)
| Decade | Number of Treaties with EU Law Influence |
|---|---|
| 1960s | 5 |
| 1970s | 12 |
| 1980s | 25 |
| 1990s | 40 |
| 2000s | 65 |
| 2010s | 85 |
Citations of EU Law in ICJ and WTO Rulings (1990–2020) (Hadjiyianni, 2021)
| Year | ICJ Citations | WTO Citations |
|---|---|---|
| 1990–1999 | 3 | 6 |
| 2000–2009 | 10 | 15 |
| 2010–2020 | 18 | 22 |
Influence of European Human Rights Law on Global Treaties and Courts (Helfer 2008; Mowbray 2012)
| Legal Framework | European Influence | International Implementation |
|---|---|---|
| ICCPR (UN Treaty) | ECHR fair trial & expression rights | Incorporated into global human rights law |
| African Charter on Human Rights | Proportionality & state accountability | Used in African Court rulings |
| Inter-American Court | ECHR precedents | Frequently cited in human rights cases |
Global Adoption of European Trade and Arbitration Standards (Craig & De Búrca, 2020)
| Legal Principle | European Basis | Adoption in International Law |
|---|---|---|
| Competition Law | EU Antitrust Policies | WTO rules on subsidies and monopolies |
| Investment Arbitration | EU stance post-Achmea case | ISDS reforms in UN treaties |
| Data Protection | GDPR | Adoption in Brazil, India, Canada |