Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antiglycation, and antihyperlipidemic activity of flowering parts from five plant species before and after in vitro digestion Cover

Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antiglycation, and antihyperlipidemic activity of flowering parts from five plant species before and after in vitro digestion

Acta Pharmaceutica
Volume 75 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)
By:
Open Access
|Oct 2025

References

  1. J. Mlcek and O. Rop, Fresh edible flowers of ornamental plants – A new source of nutraceutical foods, <em>Trends Food Sci. Technol.</em> <bold>22</bold>(10) (2011) 561–569; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2011.04.006" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2011.04.006</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2011.04.006</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. T. C. S. P. Pires, M. I. Dias, L. Barros, R. C. Calhelha, M. J. Alves, M. B. P. P. Oliveira, C. Santos-Buelga and I. C. F. R. Ferreira, Edible flowers as sources of phenolic compounds with bioactive potential, <em>Food Res. Int.</em> <bold>105</bold> (2018) 580–588; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.014" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.014</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.014</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. European Medicines Agency, <em>Final European Union herbal monograph on</em> Calendula officinalis <em>L.</em>, <em>flos –</em> Revision 1, EMA, June 2018; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-calendula-officinalis-l-flos-revision-1_en.pdf">https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-calendula-officinalis-l-flos-revision-1_en.pdf</ext-link>; last access date March 12, 2025.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. European Medicines Agency, <em>Final European Union herbal monograph on</em> Malva sylvestris <em>L., flos –</em> First version, EMA, March 2019; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-malva-sylvestris-l-andor-malva-neglecta-wallr-folium-first-version_en.pdf">https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-malva-sylvestris-l-andor-malva-neglecta-wallr-folium-first-version_en.pdf</ext-link>; last access date March 12, 2025.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Lj. Grlić, <em>Enciklopedija samoniklog jestivog bilja</em>, August Cesarec, Zagreb 1986, pp. 152, 311.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. F. de Lima Franzen, M. S. Rodríguez de Oliveira, H. F. Lidório, J. Farias Menegaes and L. L. Martins Fries, Chemical composition of rose, sunflower and calendula flower petals for human food use, <em>Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecuaria</em> <bold>20</bold>(1) (2019) 149–168; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol20_num1_art:1252" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol20_num1_art:1252</a>">https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol20_num1_art:1252</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. T. C. Pires, M. I. Dias, L. Barros and I. C. Ferreira, Nutritional and chemical characterization of edible petals and corresponding infusions: Valorization as new food ingredients, <em>Food Chem.</em> <bold>220</bold> (2017) 337–343; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.026" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.026</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.026</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. Q. Liang, J. Cui, H. Li, J. Liu and G. Zhao, Florets of sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.): Potential new sources of dietary fiber and phenolic acids, <em>J. Agric. Food Chem.</em> <bold>61</bold>(14) (2013) 3435–3442; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400569a" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400569a</a>">https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400569a</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. G. Bragueto Escher, L. do C. Cardoso Borges, J. Sousa Santos, T. Mendanha Cruz, M. Boscacci Marques, M. Araújo Vieira do Carmo, L. Azevedo, M. M. Furtado, A. S. Sant’Ana, M. Wen, L. Zhang and D. Granato, From the field to the pot: Phytochemical and functional analyses of <em>Calendula officinalis</em> L. flower for incorporation in an organic yogurt, <em>Antioxidants</em> <bold>8</bold>(11) (2019) Article ID 559 (20 pages); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110559" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110559</a>">https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110559</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. J. A. Takahashi, F. A. G. G. Rezende, M. A. F. Moura, L. C. B. Dominguete and D. Sande, Edible flowers: Bioactive profile and its potential to be used in food development, <em>Food Res. Int.</em> <bold>129</bold> (2020) Article ID 108868 (14 pages); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108868" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108868</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108868</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. F. Ye, Q. Liang, H. Li and G. Zhao, Solvent effects on phenolic content, composition, and antioxidant activity of extracts from florets of sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.), <em>Ind. Crops Prod.</em> <bold>76</bold> (2015) 574–581; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.063" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.063</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.063</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. I. G. Munteanu and C. Apetrei, Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: A review, <em>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</em> <bold>22</bold>(7) (2021) Article ID 3380 (30 pages); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073380" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073380</a>">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073380</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. R. L. Prior, X. Wu and K. Schaich, Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements, <em>J. Agric. Food Chem.</em> <bold>53</bold>(10) (2005) 4290–4302; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0502698" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0502698</a>">https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0502698</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. M. Banožić, J. Babić and S. Jokić, Recent advances in extraction of bioactive compounds from tobacco industrial waste – a review, <em>Ind. Crops Prod.</em> <bold>144</bold> (2020) Article ID 112009; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112009" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112009</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112009</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. M. Leal, M. A. Moreno, P. L. Albornoz, M. I. Mercado, I. C. Zampini and M. I. Isla, Morphological characterization of <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> inflorescences and chemical-functional analysis of extracts obtained from its powder by using green solvents (NaDESs), <em>Plants</em> <bold>12</bold>(7) (2023) Article ID 1554 (19 pages); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071554" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071554</a>">https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071554</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. G. Alonso, M. Salinas, M. Sánchez-Fernández and J. Garijo, Note. Physical parameters in controlling saffron quality, <em>Food Sci. Technol. Int.</em> <bold>6</bold>(1) (2000) 59–65; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013200006001" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013200006001</a>">https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013200006001</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. S. M. Jadouali, H. Atifi, R. Mamouni, K. Majourhat, Z. Bouzoubaa and S. Gharby, Composition of saffron by-products (<em>Crocus sativus</em>) in relation to utilization as animal feed, <em>Agric. Sci. Dig.</em> <bold>42</bold>(4) (2022) 475–481; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.D-360" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.D-360</a>">https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.D-360</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. J. Serrano-Díaz, A. M. Sánchez, M. Martínez-Tomé, P. Winterhalter and G. L. Alonso, A contribution to nutritional studies on <em>Crocus sativus</em> flowers and their value as food, <em>J. Food Compost. Anal.</em> <bold>31</bold>(1) (2013) 101–108; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2013.03.009" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2013.03.009</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2013.03.009</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. S. M. Jadouali, H. Atifi, R. Mamouni, K. Majourhat, Z. Bouzoubaâ, A. Laknifli and A. Faouzi, Chemical characterization and antioxidant compounds of flower parts of Moroccan <em>Crocus sativus</em> L., <em>J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci</em>. <bold>18</bold>(4) (2019) 476–480; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2018.03.007" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2018.03.007</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2018.03.007</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. J. Serrano-Díaz, A. M. Sánchez, L. Maggi, M. Martínez-Tomé, L. García-Diz, M. A. Murcia and G. L. Alonso, Increasing the applications of <em>Crocus sativus</em> flowers as natural antioxidants, <em>J. Food Sci.</em> <bold>77</bold>(11) (2012) C1162–C1168; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02926.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02926.x</a>">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02926.x</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. N. Belyagoubi-Benhammou, L. Belyagoubi, B. Loukidi, M. A. Mir, E. Assadpour, M. Boudghene-Stambouli, M. S. Kharazmi and S. M. Jafari, Bioactivity and applications of saffron floral bio-residues (tepals): a natural by-product for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, <em>Crit. Rev. Food Sci Nutr.</em> <bold>64</bold>(23) (2024) 8399–8413; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2199434" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2199434</a>">https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2199434</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. V. Masala, S. Jokić, K. Aladić, M. Molnar and C. I. G. Tuberoso, Exploring phenolic compounds extraction from saffron (<em>C. sativus</em>) floral by-products using ultrasound-assisted extraction, deep eutectic solvent extraction, and subcritical water extraction, <em>Molecules</em> <bold>29</bold>(11) (2024) Article ID 2600 (17 pages); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112600" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112600</a>">https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112600</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. A. T. Vardakas, V. T. Shikov, R. H. Dinkova and K. M. Mihalev, Optimisation of the enzyme- assisted extraction of polyphenols from saffron (<em>Crocus sativus</em> L.) tepals, <em>Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment.</em> <bold>20</bold>(3) (2021) 359–367; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.0954" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.0954</a>">https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.0954</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. M. Milović, Rod <em>Crocus</em> L. (Iridaceae) u flori Hrvatske, <em>Glas. Hrvat. bot. druš.</em> <bold>4</bold>(2) (2016) 4–20.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, Introduction and methodology: Standards of care in diabetes – 2024, <em>Diabetes Care</em> <bold>47</bold>(Suppl 1) (2024) S1–S4; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-SINT" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-SINT</a>">https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-SINT</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. N. F. Khedr, A. M. Ebeid and R. M. Khalil, New insights into weight management by orlistat in comparison with cinnamon as a natural lipase inhibitor, <em>Endocrine</em> <bold>67</bold>(1) (2020) 109–116; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02127-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02127-0</a>">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02127-0</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. V. Spínola and P. C. Castilho, Assessing the in vitro inhibitory effects on key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes and obesity and protein glycation by phenolic compounds of Lauraceae plant species endemic to the Laurisilva forest, <em>Molecules</em> <bold>26</bold>(7) (2021) Article ID 2023 (11 pages); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072023" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072023</a>">https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072023</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. C.-H. Wu and G.-C. Yen, Inhibitory effect of naturally occurring flavonoids on the formation of advanced glycation endproducts, <em>J. Agric. Food Chem.</em> <bold>53</bold>(8) (2005) 3167–3173; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048550u" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048550u</a>">https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048550u</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. N. A. Lunagariya, N. K. Patel, S. C. Jagtap and K. K. Bhutani, Inhibitors of pancreatic lipase: State of the art and clinical perspectives, <em>EXCLI J.</em> <bold>13</bold> (2014) 897–921.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. V. Vujčić Bok, I. Šola and G. Rusak, Lemon juice formulations modulate <em>in vitro</em> digestive recovery of spinach phytochemicals, <em>Food Technol. Biotechnol.</em> <bold>60</bold>(3) (2022) 293–307; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.60.03.22.7104" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.60.03.22.7104</a>">https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.60.03.22.7104</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. I. Šola, V. Vujčić Bok, M. Pinterić, S. Auer, J. Ludwig-Müller and G. Rusak, Improving the phyto-chemical profile and bioactivity of Chinese cabbage sprouts by interspecific transfer of metabolites, <em>Food Res. Int.</em> <bold>137</bold> (2020) Article ID 109726; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109726" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109726</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109726</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. I. Šola, V. Vujčić Bok, M. Dujmović and G. Rusak, Developmentally-related changes in phenolic and l-ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity of Chinese cabbage sprouts, <em>J. Food Sci. Technol.</em> <bold>57</bold>(2) (2020) 702–712; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04103-y" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04103-y</a>">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04103-y</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. I. Šola, V. Vujčić Bok, M. Popović and S. Gagić, Phytochemical composition and functional properties of Brassicaceae microgreens: Impact of in vitro digestion, <em>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</em> <bold>25</bold>(21) (2024) Article ID 11831 (24 pages); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111831" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111831</a>">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111831</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. V. Vujčić, S. Radić Brkanac, I. Radojčić Redovniković, S. Ivanković, R. Stojković, I. Žilić and M. Radić Stojković, Phytochemical and bioactive potential of <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> grown plants of <em>Centaurea ragusina</em> L. – Detection of DNA/RNA active compounds in plant extracts via thermal denaturation and circular dichroism: Phytochemical and bioactive characterization of <em>Centaurea ragusina</em> L., <em>Phytochem. Anal.</em> <bold>28</bold>(6) (2017) 584–592; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2708" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2708</a>">https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2708</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. S. R. Brkanac, M. Gerić, G. Gajski, V. Vujčić, V. Garaj-Vrhovac, D. Kremer and A.-M. Domijan, Toxicity and antioxidant capacity of Frangula alnus Mill. bark and its active component emodin, <em>Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.</em> <bold>73</bold>(3) (2015) 923–929; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.025" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.025</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.025</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. V. Vujčić Bok, I. Šola, G. Rusak, A. Budisavljević, R. Nguyen, J. Ludwig-Müller and Ž. Maleš, Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Croatian and German honey, <em>Acta Pharm.</em> <bold>74</bold>(4) (2025) 673–692; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2024-0031" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2024-0031</a>">https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2024-0031</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. V. Spinola, J. Pinto and P. C. Castilho, Hypoglycemic, antiglycation and antioxidant in vitro properties of two vaccinium species from Macaronesia: A relation to their phenolic composition, <em>J. Funct. Foods</em> <bold>40</bold> (2018) 595–605; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.002</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.002</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. V. Spinola, E. J. Llorent-Martínez and P. C. Castilho, Inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase by phenolic compounds of <em>Rumex maderensis</em> (Madeira sorrel). Influence of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on hyperglycaemia-related damage linked with aldose reductase activity and protein glycation, <em>LWT</em> <bold>118</bold> (2020) Article ID 108727; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108727" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108727</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108727</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. I. Šola, M. Stipaničev, V. Vujčić, B. Mitić, A. Huđek and G. Rusak, Comparative analysis of native <em>Crocus taxa</em> as a great source of flavonoids with high antioxidant activity, <em>Plant Foods Hum. Nutr.</em> <bold>73</bold>(3) (2018) 189–195; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0674-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0674-1</a>">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0674-1</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. G. Rusak, V. Vujčić Bok, I. Šola, E. Nikša and Ž. Maleš, Effect of protein, carbohydrate, and oil on phytochemical bioaccessibility and bioactivities of the <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> L. leaf formulations after in vitro digestion, <em>Molecules</em> <bold>29</bold>(22) (2024) Article ID 5300 (17 pages); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225300" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225300</a>">https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225300</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. D. Hernández-Saavedra, I. F. Pérez-Ramírez, M. Ramos-Gómez, S. Mendoza-Díaz, G. Loarca-Pina and R. Reynoso-Camacho, Phytochemical characterization and effect of <em>Calendula officinalis</em>, <em>Hypericum perforatum</em>, and <em>Salvia officinalis</em> infusions on obesity-associated cardiovascular risk, <em>Med. Chem. Res.</em> <bold>25</bold>(1) (2016) 163–172; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-015-1454-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-015-1454-1</a>">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-015-1454-1</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. M. Zor, B. Özüpek, S. Pekacar and D. Deliorman Orhan, Antioxidants, enzyme inhibitory activities, and phytochemical profiles of seven medicinal plants grown with organic farming techniques, <em>Turk. J. Agric. For.</em> <bold>47</bold>(6) (2023) 918–930; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-011X.3137" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-011X.3137</a>">https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-011X.3137</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. B. N. Kiage-Mokua, N. Roos and J. Schrezenmeir, Lapacho tea (<em>Tabebuia impetiginosa</em>) extract inhibits pancreatic lipase and delays postprandial triglyceride increase in rats, <em>Phytother. Res.</em> <bold>26</bold>(12) (2012) 1878–1883; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4659" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4659</a>">https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4659</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  44. M. Marrelli, M. R. Loizzo, M. Nicoletti, F. Menichini and F. Conforti, Inhibition of key enzymes linked to obesity by preparations from Mediterranean dietary plants: effects on α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activities, <em>Plant Foods Hum. Nutr.</em> <bold>68</bold>(4) (2013) 340–346; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-013-0390-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-013-0390-9</a>">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-013-0390-9</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  45. Z. Sun, J. Chen, J. Ma, Y. Jiang, M. Wang, G. Ren and F. Chen, Cynarin-rich sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em>) sprouts possess both antiglycative and antioxidant activities, <em>J. Agric. Food Chem.</em> <bold>60</bold>(12) (2012) 3260–3265; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jf300737y" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1021/jf300737y</a>">https://doi.org/10.1021/jf300737y</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  46. H. Ahmad, I. Khan and A. Wahid, Antiglycation and antioxidation properties of <em>Juglans regia</em> and <em>Calendula officinalis</em>: possible role in reducing diabetic complications and slowing down ageing, <em>J. Tradit. Chin. Med.</em> <bold>32</bold>(3) (2012) 411–414; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60047-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60047-3</a>">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60047-3</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  47. S. Ronsisvalle, A. Panico, D. Santonocito, E. A. Siciliano, F. Sipala, L. Montenegro and C. Puglia, Evaluation of crocin content and in vitro antioxidant and anti-glycation activity of different saffron extracts, <em>Plants</em> <bold>12</bold>(20) (2023) Article ID 3606 (13 pages); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203606" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203606</a>">https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203606</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  48. T. van Der Lugt, K. Venema, S. van Leeuwen, M. F. Vrolijk, A. Opperhuizen and A. Bast, Gastrointestinal digestion of dietary advanced glycation endproducts using an in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract (TIM-1), <em>Food Funct.</em> <bold>11</bold>(7) (2020) 6297–6307; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo00450b" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo00450b</a>">https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo00450b</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  49. C. Cerami, H. Founds, I. Nicholl, T. Mitsuhashi, D. Giordano, S. Vanpatten, A. Lee, Y. Al-Abed, H. Vlassara and R. Bucala, Tobacco smoke is a source of toxic reactive glycation products, <em>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</em> <bold>94</bold>(25) (1997) 13915–13920; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.25.13915" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-signal-blue hover:underline">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.25.13915</a>">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.25.13915</ext-link>
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  50. J. D. Evans, <em>Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences</em>, Brooks/Cole Publishing, Pacific Grove 1996.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2025-0012 | Journal eISSN: 1846-9558 | Journal ISSN: 1330-0075
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 357 - 381
Accepted on: Apr 12, 2025
Published on: Oct 10, 2025
Published by: Croatian Pharmaceutical Society
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
Herb.,
L.,
L.,
L.,
L.,
flowering parts,
chemical composition,
antiglycation activity,
antihyperlipidemic activity,
antioxidant activity
Related subjects:
Pharmacy,
Pharmacy, other

© 2025 Valerija Vujčić Bok, Domagoj Bosiljevac, Ivana Šola, Ana Vukres, Gordana Rusak, Željan Maleš, published by Croatian Pharmaceutical Society
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 75 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)Next article