Table 1
| Countries | Treatment, % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recycled | Composted | Incinerated with energy recovery | Landfilled | Other | |
| EU | 29.0 | 19.0 | 25.0 | 22.0 | 4.0 |
| Sweden | 20.2 | 19.2 | 58.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 |
| Finland | 28.9 | 15.7 | 54.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Denmark | 26.9 | 19.1 | 51.0 | 1.8 | 0.1 |
| Switzerland | 28.7 | 23.3 | 48.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Norway | 31.4 | 10.4 | 47.0 | 5.4 | 5.8 |
| Estonia | 41.8 | 10.6 | 47.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 |
| Belgium | 33.6 | 20.8 | 45.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
| United Kingdom (2022) | 26.2 | 16.3 | 44.2 | 9.2 | 1.5 |
| Ireland (2020) | 29.8 | 11.0 | 42.5 | 16.3 | 0.4 |
| Luxembourg | 31.8 | 24.9 | 40.9 | 2.9 | 0.0 |
| Lithuania | 25.0 | 24.3 | 40.8 | 7.9 | 2.0 |
| Netherlands | 27.6 | 30.8 | 39.3 | 1.4 | 0.9 |
| Austria | 40.8 | 21.5 | 35.5 | 1.7 | 0.1 |
| France | 22.4 | 19.6 | 34.6 | 22.5 | 0.2 |
| Germany | 46.1 | 22.6 | 29.3 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
| Poland | 20.1 | 15.0 | 25.5 | 38.5 | 0.9 |
| Italy | 34.6 | 24.2 | 21.2 | 18.4 | 1.0 |
| Portugal | 12.4 | 16.6 | 17.4 | 53.7 | 0.0 |
| Spain | 20.7 | 20.7 | 10.6 | 48.0 | 0.0 |
Table 2
Gross electricity production and gross derived heat generation EU in 2019–2024 [24]
| Gross production | Fuel | Year | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | ||
| Electricity (GWh) | Renewable municipal waste | 19,003 | 18,866 | 19,562 | 19,378 | 18,593 | 19,519 |
| Non-renewable municipal waste | 18,592 | 18,340 | 18,776 | 18,581 | 17,819 | 18,465 | |
| Total | 2,882,496 | 2,762,007 | 2,890,106 | 2,792,345 | 2,718,397 | 2,777,146 | |
| Heat (TJ) | Renewable municipal waste | 120,662 | 123,996 | 130,395 | 125,861 | 121,919 | 130,886 |
| Non-renewable municipal waste | 115,969 | 119,393 | 124,487 | 121,227 | 115,797 | 124,503 | |
| Total | 2,345,020 | 2,256,035 | 2,312,677 | 2,124,815 | 2,043,124 | 2,015,961 | |
Table 3
| Countries | 2019 | 2022 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WtE plants (unit) | Residual waste thermally treated (million Mg) | WtE plants (unit) | Residual waste thermally treated (million Mg) | |
| Europe | 499 | 99.0 | 498 | 100.0 |
| Sweden | 36 | 6.16 | 37 | 6.83 |
| Finland | 9 | 1.39 | 9 | 1.55 |
| Denmark | 23 | 3.58 | 23 | 3.55 |
| Switzerland | 30 | 4.07 | 29 | 3.85 |
| Norway | 18 | 1.63 | 18 | 1.63 |
| Estonia | 1 | 0.21 | 1 | 0.21 |
| Belgium | 17 | 3.36 | 17 | 3.48 |
| United Kingdom | 48 | 12.6 | 57 | 15.32 |
| Ireland | 2 | 1.24 | 2 | 0.81 |
| Luxembourg | 1 | 0.17 | 1 | 0.16 |
| Lithuania | 1 | 0.25 | 3 | 0.62 |
| Netherlands | 12 | 7.39 | 12 | 7.39 |
| Austria | 11 | 2.6 | 12 | 2.7 |
| France | 124 | 14.5 | 116 | 14.0 |
| Germany | 100 | 27.1 | 91 | 25.0 |
| Poland | 7 | 1.0 | 9 | 1.26 |
| Italy | 37 | 6.3 | 36 | 6.02 |
| Portugal | 4 | 1.2 | 4 | 1.08 |
| Spain | 12 | 2.92 | 13 | 2.97 |
Table 4
| Countries | Year | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| Incinerated with energy recovery (%) | |||||
| Sweden | 52.6 | 60.6 | 59.7 | 59.2 | 58.9 |
| Finland | 55.6 | 57.3 | 60.4 | 55.4 | 54.0 |
| Denmark | 47.5 | 53.8 | 41.4 | 49.0 | 51.0 |
| Switzerland | 47.0 | 47.2 | 47.7 | 47.8 | 48.0 |
| Norway | 49.5 | 46.5 | 50.0 | 51.2 | 47.0 |
| Estonia | 48.4 | 49.6 | 49.3 | 47.7 | 47.0 |
| Belgium | 42.3 | 48.4 | 44.0 | 45.1 | 45.0 |
| United Kingdom | 40.1 | 43.3 | 42.7 | 44.2 | n/a |
| Ireland | 46.5 | 42.5 | n/a | 12.6 | n/a |
| Luxembourg | 46.7 | 43.1 | 40.8 | 41.5 | 40.9 |
| Lithuania | 16.8 | 29.1 | 36.7 | 37.8 | 40.8 |
| Netherlands | 40.6 | 40.8 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 39.3 |
| Austria | 38.9 | 35.8 | 35.4 | 35.3 | 35.5 |
| France | 31.3 | 32.2 | 32.2 | 32.4 | 34.6 |
| Germany | 31.6 | 28.7 | 28.3 | 28.9 | 29.3 |
| Poland | 21.5 | 20.3 | 19.8 | 20.2 | 25.5 |
| Italy | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.2 | 19.7 | 21.2 |
| Portugal | 19.8 | 20.3 | 22.0 | 19.2 | 17.4 |
| Spain | 11.0 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 10.6 |