Figure 1.
![Phase change material types by melting temperature [11]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/694f88b87c29e05adc5264c1/j_acee-2025-0049_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKK6ZCM4IK%2F20260105%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260105T133911Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEHwaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQD90F6aGh9vtwhOO7rBbgwEUHBttS%2FxIh8X4GWIBWDO1gIgQtdpR15oK%2Bjjg9u8nnueM%2Bw%2F1S7Hro3GqL84kZOMKTwqvAUIRRACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDFXgaEEiEw7Q24bWVCqZBWsGuF5HYn2p2TU2Y0%2B43hwEgUFTT2iIMmt8ouLko0EZeyThMqWO3ixdV5ru3LZUrIrTA77k2AO13QCZjKq1om5C8SRFkVdf7dMWFq%2F41YdLIrTueSL6L%2BjaqZdCcQePAbBWhKKKK0KswIEFrthlZqzMn9PNWBZnquTF4lGJpBinN2ELtEgbV5aV%2FlOT2OeVuoOdWgp7PRtLf6AMLyWG0QHpmCBYrMNXiUWDcfemygiSumwNPU15Iw70pgY6OJg9SGgnpy1D0uX0SGdoS6SHiz85S0NoY4Rqotwa6xKqcCANjA0JKmoD%2Bw3G8hbCh2BooyLjt0M9yROQOKW%2FW%2FfDcoCazoxx3bCQleMuqaNLqehZyemytIDQCUNFWcO2LnU8FJ%2BizqgtGfvZPMsTmdcqD2dpLrAnmk6fO3ceS698f%2FlHOEufRaNdK21ZyoKzgv%2F4dDs4oH0H8DRydalOVQYJb9%2FUgHp9bSef1lJtZZv%2BqIcKim2n682cHlX5FfsxjF6C4N06pY4ib%2BpFSzjQ8SSwH8dHYUfarLSNMNK1TC4E7ChGw9SN623Qn%2FVj806LZXqdUNTIY5uOjJ2smk4N96TV6%2Bj2l91biOFyceU1KpCxs3yKYzuO%2BY%2BAjWwB%2B4cDxfo5uSKlMxEs9NKbmvBLPPCom%2Fyg3wp%2BgvvJzMQ5BB3vfrPxoqZBJQlzVZbKDFpPnrWaIlcpglVGwe3jVVBy4VH5rJSXPXYBFuSeuhzzqlKVMlP%2BfkIu34jrZJ3RDC4OlNNy2i3MQP1gItr%2BVaHd3JXFizilF57cgRQKQnIl2q%2BFYvxa3Yq02RKYNW6fS0DA63bySnuZQhAYXjFT9bNsNAsoye7gdQq1niIlF37SnHDnKgjp1IDN23RABI%2B9MNPO7soGOrEBZY2c%2BQgDj9qaz5TQTtZXAeZJU2UeuhOBILo2JrPsX1wg8zxbnUJGhCZq4PTQEpYlJM8FGtKFVn1zvPo%2BdpRZpYmzIn5aZDqsv%2FkavvV%2B4GanepJ3zniOCpTI7mgeOTmkkmLNtJ%2B3CuiuLAw6YYVonqxn6JYp%2Bd%2Bke7SYQbmtqXdienF4xWjVtfhlIlHrd8DlmOdrRmg3EWyExXTmS46jLNF7c0ZCY0xVG4ksTwF%2BmaWw&X-Amz-Signature=adc37230fbccd30c0eeb38a88f23ddf62fa42fd064bca8448984077873564c56&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
![Heat flux [W] and heat accumulated [J] within the system with respect to time](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/694f88b87c29e05adc5264c1/j_acee-2025-0049_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKK6ZCM4IK%2F20260105%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260105T133911Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEHwaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQD90F6aGh9vtwhOO7rBbgwEUHBttS%2FxIh8X4GWIBWDO1gIgQtdpR15oK%2Bjjg9u8nnueM%2Bw%2F1S7Hro3GqL84kZOMKTwqvAUIRRACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDFXgaEEiEw7Q24bWVCqZBWsGuF5HYn2p2TU2Y0%2B43hwEgUFTT2iIMmt8ouLko0EZeyThMqWO3ixdV5ru3LZUrIrTA77k2AO13QCZjKq1om5C8SRFkVdf7dMWFq%2F41YdLIrTueSL6L%2BjaqZdCcQePAbBWhKKKK0KswIEFrthlZqzMn9PNWBZnquTF4lGJpBinN2ELtEgbV5aV%2FlOT2OeVuoOdWgp7PRtLf6AMLyWG0QHpmCBYrMNXiUWDcfemygiSumwNPU15Iw70pgY6OJg9SGgnpy1D0uX0SGdoS6SHiz85S0NoY4Rqotwa6xKqcCANjA0JKmoD%2Bw3G8hbCh2BooyLjt0M9yROQOKW%2FW%2FfDcoCazoxx3bCQleMuqaNLqehZyemytIDQCUNFWcO2LnU8FJ%2BizqgtGfvZPMsTmdcqD2dpLrAnmk6fO3ceS698f%2FlHOEufRaNdK21ZyoKzgv%2F4dDs4oH0H8DRydalOVQYJb9%2FUgHp9bSef1lJtZZv%2BqIcKim2n682cHlX5FfsxjF6C4N06pY4ib%2BpFSzjQ8SSwH8dHYUfarLSNMNK1TC4E7ChGw9SN623Qn%2FVj806LZXqdUNTIY5uOjJ2smk4N96TV6%2Bj2l91biOFyceU1KpCxs3yKYzuO%2BY%2BAjWwB%2B4cDxfo5uSKlMxEs9NKbmvBLPPCom%2Fyg3wp%2BgvvJzMQ5BB3vfrPxoqZBJQlzVZbKDFpPnrWaIlcpglVGwe3jVVBy4VH5rJSXPXYBFuSeuhzzqlKVMlP%2BfkIu34jrZJ3RDC4OlNNy2i3MQP1gItr%2BVaHd3JXFizilF57cgRQKQnIl2q%2BFYvxa3Yq02RKYNW6fS0DA63bySnuZQhAYXjFT9bNsNAsoye7gdQq1niIlF37SnHDnKgjp1IDN23RABI%2B9MNPO7soGOrEBZY2c%2BQgDj9qaz5TQTtZXAeZJU2UeuhOBILo2JrPsX1wg8zxbnUJGhCZq4PTQEpYlJM8FGtKFVn1zvPo%2BdpRZpYmzIn5aZDqsv%2FkavvV%2B4GanepJ3zniOCpTI7mgeOTmkkmLNtJ%2B3CuiuLAw6YYVonqxn6JYp%2Bd%2Bke7SYQbmtqXdienF4xWjVtfhlIlHrd8DlmOdrRmg3EWyExXTmS46jLNF7c0ZCY0xVG4ksTwF%2BmaWw&X-Amz-Signature=38e40acc39768a467fafbccc3d05c9bedd02219bbb42e11a6e3ffecfa977b75c&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Physical properties of magnesium chloride hexahydrate
| Parameter type | Value/function | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Density [kg/m3] | [17] | |
| Specific heat [J/kgK] | 1489.13 | [18] |
| Thermal conductivity [W/mK] | [17] | |
| Pure solvent melting heat [J/kg] | 155110 | [17] |
| Viscosity [kg/ms] | 0.09 | [19] |
| Solidus temperature [K] | 380 | [*] |
| Liquidus temperature [K] | 384.65 | [17] |
Physical properties of water [15,16]
| Parameter type | Value (water) | Value (copper) |
|---|---|---|
| Density [kg/m3] | 998.2 | 8978 |
| Specific heat [J/kgK] | 4182 | 381 |
| Thermal conductivity [W/mK] | 0.6 | 387.6 |
| Viscosity [kg/ms] | 0.001003 | - |
| Latent heat [J/kg] | 2263073 | - |
| Vaporization temperature [K] | 284 | - |
| Boiling point [K] | 373 | - |