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Castlehim: A Semantic H-Bim Framework Supporting Sustainable Conservation and Management of Castles of the Polish Jurassic Highland Cover

Castlehim: A Semantic H-Bim Framework Supporting Sustainable Conservation and Management of Castles of the Polish Jurassic Highland

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment
Volume 18 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)
By: Magdalena WAŁEK  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Representative examples of castles in the Kraków–Częstochowa Upland: (a) Ogrodzieniec Castle surrounded by tourist stalls and attractions; (b) Mirów Castle during the reconstruction process; (c) degrading architectural details of Palace in Pilica. Author’s work
Representative examples of castles in the Kraków–Częstochowa Upland: (a) Ogrodzieniec Castle surrounded by tourist stalls and attractions; (b) Mirów Castle during the reconstruction process; (c) degrading architectural details of Palace in Pilica. Author’s work

Figure 2.

Photogrammetric processing of Rabsztyn Castle: (a) location of cameras and sparse Tie Points alignment, (b) Rabsztyn Castle: generated Dense Cloud after cleaning, illustrating the increased accuracy and completeness of spatial data, (c) unified model created by merging partial point clouds through marker-based alignment. Author's work
Photogrammetric processing of Rabsztyn Castle: (a) location of cameras and sparse Tie Points alignment, (b) Rabsztyn Castle: generated Dense Cloud after cleaning, illustrating the increased accuracy and completeness of spatial data, (c) unified model created by merging partial point clouds through marker-based alignment. Author's work

Figure 3.

Selected photogrammetric models of castles in the Kraków–Częstochowa Upland, illustrating differences in preservation state and level of geometric detail captured for subsequent HBIM modelling. Author’s work
Selected photogrammetric models of castles in the Kraków–Częstochowa Upland, illustrating differences in preservation state and level of geometric detail captured for subsequent HBIM modelling. Author’s work

Figure 4.

Schematic structure of CastleHIM, integrating CIDOC CRM with HBIM (Revit), showing four information sets (Properties and Attributes, Events, Inventory and Research, Specialists) and the Documentation class linking semantic and geometric data. Author’s work
Schematic structure of CastleHIM, integrating CIDOC CRM with HBIM (Revit), showing four information sets (Properties and Attributes, Events, Inventory and Research, Specialists) and the Documentation class linking semantic and geometric data. Author’s work

Figure 5.

Data model structure implemented in Protégé, showing the organization of classes and relationships within the CastleHIM ontology, aligned with the CIDOC CRM standard
Data model structure implemented in Protégé, showing the organization of classes and relationships within the CastleHIM ontology, aligned with the CIDOC CRM standard

Figure 6.

Integration of photogrammetric and archival data in the Revit environment: (a) photogrammetric model embedded in Revit as the basis for HBIM reconstruction; (b) sectional view of a castle element reconstructed from archival sources; (c) manually modeled castle elements, reflecting their irregular geometry
Integration of photogrammetric and archival data in the Revit environment: (a) photogrammetric model embedded in Revit as the basis for HBIM reconstruction; (b) sectional view of a castle element reconstructed from archival sources; (c) manually modeled castle elements, reflecting their irregular geometry

Figure 7.

Archival documentation integrated into the Revit file: (a) historical photographs and postcards attached to the HBIM model; (b) metadata embedded in model elements, including information on materials, construction techniques, and conservation history; (c) representation of structural changes and damages, reconstructed based on the digital model, archival documentation, photographs, and in-situ survey data. Author’s work
Archival documentation integrated into the Revit file: (a) historical photographs and postcards attached to the HBIM model; (b) metadata embedded in model elements, including information on materials, construction techniques, and conservation history; (c) representation of structural changes and damages, reconstructed based on the digital model, archival documentation, photographs, and in-situ survey data. Author’s work

Figure 8.

Connections between the Revit and Protégé environments: (a) integration of the Revit HBIM file within the Protégé ontology, (b) visualization of linked elements. Author’s work
Connections between the Revit and Protégé environments: (a) integration of the Revit HBIM file within the Protégé ontology, (b) visualization of linked elements. Author’s work
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2025-0046 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142
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Language: English
Page range: 51 - 60
Submitted on: Oct 14, 2025
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Accepted on: Nov 20, 2025
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Published on: Dec 26, 2025
Published by: Silesian University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM),
Sustainable Cultural Heritage,
Polish Jurassic Highland,
Photogrammetry
Related subjects:
Architecture and design,
Architecture,
Architects, buildings

© 2025 Magdalena WAŁEK, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 18 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)