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A Study of Functional and Spatial Vectors of Tourism Development in the Selected Border Region Cover

A Study of Functional and Spatial Vectors of Tourism Development in the Selected Border Region

Open Access
|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Map showing the location of the study area, source: own work
Map showing the location of the study area, source: own work

Figure 2.

Diagram of the research process, source: own work
Diagram of the research process, source: own work

Figure 3.

The map with an analysis of the main transport elements in the study area, source: own research
The map with an analysis of the main transport elements in the study area, source: own research

Figure 4.

The synthetic analysis of the most important selected tourism aspects of the natural and cultural attractions, source: own research
The synthetic analysis of the most important selected tourism aspects of the natural and cultural attractions, source: own research

Figure 5.

Polonyna Wetlińska, August 2024, source: own work
Polonyna Wetlińska, August 2024, source: own work

Figure 6.

Polonyna above Cisna village, August 2024, source: own work
Polonyna above Cisna village, August 2024, source: own work

Figure 7-8.

Polańczyk City, a gazebo referring to the regional architecture and old trees in the Spa Park, August 2024, source: own work
Polańczyk City, a gazebo referring to the regional architecture and old trees in the Spa Park, August 2024, source: own work

Figure 9.

Analysis of the density of tourist attractions, the density of accommodation, multi-criteria analysis, source: own research
Analysis of the density of tourist attractions, the density of accommodation, multi-criteria analysis, source: own research

Figure 10-11.

Polańczyk city, The Jawor Mountain with gondola lift and observation tower, Polańczyk city view to marina at Lake Solina, August 2024, source: own work
Polańczyk city, The Jawor Mountain with gondola lift and observation tower, Polańczyk city view to marina at Lake Solina, August 2024, source: own work

Figure 12.

Flowchart with functional and spatial vectors of tourism and recreation enhancement for the selected border region, source: own research
Flowchart with functional and spatial vectors of tourism and recreation enhancement for the selected border region, source: own research

Summary table with functional and spatial vectors of tourism and recreation enhancement for the selected border region and related suggested actions, source: own research

VectorSuggested action
SpaNew spa services include healing centers, clinics, spa parks, graduation towers (thorn-houses), thermal baths, swimming and mineral pools, hotel spas, health paths, and shaded exercise areas in summer.
SportNew year-round sports centers include horse riding, bicycling, canoeing, skiing, shooting, hunting, fishing, trekking, and paragliding.
RecreationNew recreation services include swimming pools, multi-sector centers, mini-zoo, open-air astronomical observatories, and extreme tourism such as survival.
CultureNew facilities related to local culture, such as education, art, or culinary. For example, centers of local activities such as local museums, community centers, creative work centers, craft centers, or open-air museums.
SpiritualEnable and promote rediscovering forgotten places of worship and religious sites, pilgrimage routes to contemporary places of worship or memory, cemeteries, or ruins.
EntertainmentLocal events with a multicultural character, such as concerts and exhibitions.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2025-0031 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142
Language: English
Page range: 51 - 73
Submitted on: Nov 25, 2024
Accepted on: Jun 20, 2025
Published on: Sep 30, 2025
Published by: Silesian University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year

© 2025 Ewa JARECKA-BIDZIŃSKA, Maciej IZDEBSKI, Oksana KASHUBA, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.