Effect of Silt and Clay Fraction Content on Frost Heave of Fine-Grained Soils Cover

.blurhash-client-img { display: none !important; }

Effect of Silt and Clay Fraction Content on Frost Heave of Fine-Grained Soils

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment

Volume 17 (2024): Issue 3 (September 2024)

By: Kinga WITEK-ZIELONKA, Krzysztof PARYLAK, Wojciech KILIAN and Łukasz ZIELONKA

Open Access

|Jan 2025

Figures & Tables

Grain size distribution of soils

Test stand: a) general view, b) interior of the climate chamber, c) lower part of the container; 1 – climatic chamber, 2 – computer to record temperature measurements, 3 – refrigerated bath circulator, 4 – upper part of the container with samples, 5 – lower part of the container with water, 6 – coil of thermostatic circuit, 7 – temperature sensors

Measuring stand: a) soil samples without forms, b) soil samples with sand fill, c) soil sample with temperature sensors

Distribution of temperature on various levels, a) Soil 1 (clsaSi), b) Soil 2 (saCl), c) Soil 3 (siSa), d) Soil 4 (saSi)

Distribution of ice lenses in soil samples after freezing, a) soil 2 (saCl), b) soil 3 (siSa)

Increase in the amount of frost heaving with time

Estimation of the linear relationship between the amount of the frost heave and the weighted arithmetic mean content of the silt and clay fractions, when ω_c=1.76·ω_s

Estimation of the linear relationship between the natural logarithm from the amount of the frost heave on the weighted arithmetic mean content of the clay and silt fractions

The dependence of the exponential height of the frost heave on the weighted arithmetic mean content on the clay and silt fractions

Estimation of the amount of the frost heave Wp[mm] for some values of content on the clay and silt fractions

fs+fc [%]	fc[%]
fs+fc [%]	0	4	8	12	16	20
25	0.96	1.41	2.08	3.07	4.53	6.68
30	1.38	2.04	3.01	4.43	6.54	9.65
35	2.00	2.94	4.34	6.41	9.46	13.95
40	2.88	4.26	6.28	9.26	13.67	20.17
45	4.17	6.15	9.08	13.39	19.76	29.15
50	6.02	8.89	13.12	19.35	28.56	42.14
55	8.71	12.85	18.96	27.97	41.28	60.90
60	12.59	18.57	27.40	40.43	59.66	88.03
65	18.19	26.84	39.61	58.44	86.23	127.24
70	26.30	38.80	57.25	84.47	124.64	183.90

Parameters of soils

Type of material	Dry density ρ_d	Particle density ρ_s	Porosity n	Void ratio e	Saturation ratio S_r
	[g·cm⁻³]	[g·cm⁻³]	[-]	[-]	[-]
Soil 1 (clsaSi)	1.800	2.668	0.325	0.482	0.454
Soil 2 (saCl)	1.809	2.679	0.325	0.481	0.501
Soil 3 (siSa)	1.789	2.650	0.325	0.481	0.704
Soil 4 (saSi)	1.797	2.661	0.325	0.481	0.811

Saturation ratios after the test

Type of material	Saturation ratios Sr
	before the test	after the test
	before the test	frozen soil	unfrozen soil
Soil 1	0.454	1.121	0.663
Soil 2	0.501	0.853	0.676
Soil 3	0.704	0.711	0.559
Soil 4	0.811	0.936	0.667

The Pearson correlation coefficient r

Type of material	Content of fractions		Height of frost heaving Wp	Pearson correlation coefficient r
Type of material		[%]	[mm]	[-]
Soil 2 (saCl)	Silt fraction	19	21.5	0.54
Soil 3 (siSa)		30	1.6
Soil 4 (saSi)		50	4.7
Soil 1 (clsaSi)		65	48.8
Soil 3 (siSa)	Silt and clay fraction	30	1.6	0.83
Soil 2 (saCl)		40	21.5
Soil 4 (saSi)		50	4.7
Soil 1 (clsaSi)		70	48.8

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2024-0023 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 85 - 95

Submitted on: Apr 25, 2023

Accepted on: Apr 9, 2024

Published on: Jan 9, 2025

Published by: Silesian University of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

Frost heave of soils,

Frost susceptibility criteria,

Fine-grained soils,

Silt and clay fraction

Related subjects:

Architecture and design,

Architects, buildings

© 2025 Kinga WITEK-ZIELONKA, Krzysztof PARYLAK, Wojciech KILIAN, Łukasz ZIELONKA, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous article Volume 17 (2024): Issue 3 (September 2024)Next article